Modern World History Honors - Industrial Revolution Test

What was a major consequence of rich landowners buying land from poor farm workers during the Industrial Revolution?

Poor farm workers became the middle class factory workers that started the industrial revolution.

Who invented the seed drill and what was its purpose?

Jethro Tull invented the seed drill to allow farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths.

What was the purpose of rotating crops?

Farmers changed where crops were planted every couple of years to maintain soil nutrients.

Who is credited with developing better sheep breeding techniques?

Robert Bakewell, who bred his best sheep to create meatier sheep.

Who proposed the three economic laws and what were they?

Adam Smith proposed the three economic laws, which were the laws of self interest, competition, and supply & demand

What invention by Eli Whitney revolutionized the cotton industry?

The cotton gin, which made it easier to clean cotton.

What were the two main causes of urban population growth during industrialization?

The rise of factories and improved coal usage.

What were the effects of the invention and perfection of the locomotive?

Cheap transportation, new job opportunities, boosted agricultural and fishing industries, and increased commonality of travel.

What was Laissez-Faire?

An economic policy that allows a free market where people do as they please.

What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels criticize in the Communist Manifesto?

They criticized how the rich controlled the poor and forced them into poor working conditions.

What did Robert Owen advocate for regarding workers' rights?

He advocated for age requirements, better working conditions, and improved pay for his workers.

What was the main idea behind Utilitarianism proposed by Jeremy Bentham?

Things are more valuable the more useful they are, and the government should promote anything useful.

What was the general effect of child labor laws passed in the United States and Britain?

Children under 9 could not work, and those under 18 faced limited working hours.

What organization was formed in the United States to promote unions and improve workers' pay?

The American Federation of Labor (AFL).

What did Thomas Malthus argue in his essay regarding population control?

He argued that more war and disease were necessary to control the population.

What did John Stuart Mill fight for concerning the working class?

He fought for their rights, especially regarding terrible working conditions and unfair profit distribution.

What was a significant social change in Europe due to industrialization?

Rural areas became rarer, and cities started to become the norm.

What is capitalism?

An economic system where private individuals or businesses own capital goods and production is based on supply and demand.

What is socialism?

An economic and political system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

What is utilitarianism?

A philosophical theory suggesting that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, generally defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.

What is communism?

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the community, aiming for a society where goods are distributed based on need.

Who invented the spinning jenny and what was its impact on the textile industry?

James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which allowed a single worker to spin multiple spools of thread simultaneously, significantly increasing yarn production.

What role did Samuel Slater play in the textile industry in the United States?

Samuel Slater brought British textile technology to America, establishing the first water-powered cotton mill in 1793.

Who invented the power loom and how did it change the textile industry?

Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom, which mechanized the weaving process and greatly increased cloth production.

What was Eli Whitney's contribution to the textile industry?

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which revolutionized cotton processing and boosted cotton production in the southern United States.

Who were the Lowell Mill Girls and what was their significance?

The Lowell Mill Girls were young women employed in textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts, significantly impacting the labor movement and women's rights advocacy.

What was the role of Richard Arkwright in the textile industry?

Richard Arkwright invented the water frame, which allowed for the mechanization of spinning and laid the groundwork for modern factory systems.

How did George Stephenson contribute to the textile industry?

George Stephenson developed the locomotive, which improved transportation of raw materials and finished goods, enhancing the textile supply chain.