Humanities final revision

What were the dates of the Boer War?

11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902.

Where did the Boer War take place?

Southern Africa (modern-day South Africa).

Who were the main parties involved in the Boer War?

The British Empire (including New Zealand) and the two Boer Republics (the South African Republic and the Orange Free State).

Why was New Zealand involved in the Boer War?

New Zealand was part of the British Empire and sought to support Britain, with Premier Richard Seddon asking parliament for approval to send a contingent.

What was Richard Seddon's view on New Zealand's involvement in the Boer War?

He expressed loyalty to Britain, stating New Zealand would fight for 'one flag, one Queen, one tongue, and for one country - Britain'.

How did the Boer War affect New Zealand's national identity?

It reinforced loyalty to the British Empire and brought New Zealanders together around a common cause.

What was the public response in New Zealand to the Boer War?

The public fund-raised and built about 50 memorials within six years of the war.

What was the participation of Māori in the Boer War?

Māori were officially prevented from serving, but some served under Pākehā names, with a few achieving distinction.

What was the reputation of New Zealand soldiers gained during the Boer War?

New Zealanders were seen as physically large, strong, and able to endure hardship, establishing a reputation as natural soldiers.

What were the casualty figures for New Zealand during the Boer War?

230 troops died, with 133 from disease, 71 killed in action or from wounds, and 26 accidentally killed.

How did the Boer War influence military activities in New Zealand?

It led to an increase in military activities, with volunteers rising from 7,000 in June 1899 to 17,000 in July 1901.

What change occurred in the school cadet system after the Boer War?

The cadet system became compulsory in 1902, with over 15,000 school cadets by 1907.

How is the Boer War remembered in New Zealand today?

It is largely forgotten, as the significance of both World Wars has overshadowed it.

What was a notable consequence of the Boer War for New Zealand's military identity?

The war set the pattern for New Zealand's later involvement in the two World Wars.

What was the perception of New Zealand's contribution to the Boer War?

It was seen as a way for New Zealand to gain international recognition.

How did the Boer War affect the relationship between New Zealand and Britain?

It reinforced strong ties and loyalty to the 'Mother Country'.

What was the significance of the Boer War for Pākehā New Zealanders?

It was a way to restore the 'virility' of New Zealand's men during an era of cities and materialism.

What was the impact of the Boer War on Māori identity in New Zealand?

Māori were still not recognized as part of 'New Zealand', despite being the original inhabitants.

What was the increase in school cadets attributed to the Boer War?

The number of school cadets dramatically increased as a result of the war.

What did the Boer War reveal about New Zealand's military readiness?

It fostered the idea that New Zealanders needed little training to fight well.

What was the public sentiment towards the Boer War in New Zealand at the time?

It was considered a significant event, despite being largely forgotten today.

What motifs were commonly used in memorials around New Zealand for the war?

Fern leaves intertwined with oak leaves, British lions, and union jacks.

How many volunteers and horses did New Zealand send to South Africa during the Boer War?

Nearly 6,500 volunteers and 8,000 horses.

What were the casualty figures for New Zealand soldiers in the Boer War?

71 soldiers killed in action or died of wounds, 26 accidentally killed, and 133 died of disease.

How did The Times describe New Zealand troops during the Boer War?

They were regarded as the best mounted troops in South Africa despite having little experience.

What were the main participants in World War 1?

The Allies (mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States from 1917) and the Central Powers (the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria).

What was the time frame of World War 1?

28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

Why did New Zealand support the British Empire during World War 1?

Public opinion favored support, financial dependency on Britain, security concerns about Japan, and political support from Prime Minister William Massey.

What was the impact of World War 1 on New Zealand's national identity?

It strengthened New Zealand's sense of self and pride in their contributions to the war.

How many nurses served with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force during World War 1?

550 nurses.

What was the Dominion Parcels Scheme?

A scheme formed by women's patriotic committees to send parcels to soldiers overseas, including tobacco, tinned food, and handmade woollens.

What was the initial policy regarding Māori participation in World War 1?

Māori were initially not allowed to fight.

Who were key figures in signing up Māori for military service during World War 1?

Māori MPs Apirana Ngata and Mãui Pōmare.

How many Māori and Pacific Islanders served in the Māori (Pioneer) Battalion?

2,227 Māori and 458 Pacific Islanders.

What were the casualty figures for the Māori (Pioneer) Battalion?

336 died on active service and 734 were wounded.

What was the first action taken by New Zealand troops in World War 1?

They occupied Western Samoa, which was a German territory.

What was the nature of enlistment for New Zealand soldiers at the beginning of World War 1?

Initially volunteers, later conscription was introduced.

What did Britain request from New Zealand regarding German Samoa?

To seize German Samoa as a 'great and urgent Imperial service'.

What was the public sentiment in New Zealand regarding the war?

Many New Zealanders were enthusiastic and experienced 'war fever'.

How did New Zealand's economy influence its involvement in World War 1?

New Zealand was dependent on Britain for trade and had prospered through agricultural exports.

What was the significance of British sea power for New Zealand during World War 1?

New Zealanders regarded it as key to their security against emerging threats.

What role did women play in supporting soldiers during World War 1?

Women knitted clothing, supplied hospitals, and participated in the Dominion Parcels Scheme.

What was the perception of New Zealanders regarding their military contributions in World War 1?

They took pride in their contributions and felt they had stood the greatest test.

Who led the Samoa Advance Party of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force?

Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Logan.

When did the Samoa Advance Party land at Apia?

29 August.

What was the outcome of the New Zealand soldiers' involvement in the Gallipoli Campaign?

They were unsuccessful, with about one in six New Zealand soldiers dying.

What significant day is still celebrated in New Zealand over 100 years later?

ANZAC Day.

What percentage of New Zealand's population served overseas during World War I?

Just under ten percent.

How many New Zealand soldiers died during World War I?

More than 18,000.

What was the total population of New Zealand in 1914?

Just over one million.

How many hospitalizations were there due to injury or illness among New Zealand soldiers in World War I?

Over 40,000.

What were the two major zones of conflict during World War II?

Europe and the Pacific.

What was the duration of New Zealand's involvement in World War II?

From 1 September 1939 to 2 September 1945, totaling 2176 days.

What event triggered the declaration of war by Britain and France in World War II?

Germany's invasion of Poland.

How did New Zealand's declaration of war in World War II differ from World War I?

New Zealand declared war on Germany independently, unlike in World War I.

What was a major concern for New Zealand that influenced its involvement in World War II?

The growing strength of Japan.

What was the impact of World War I on New Zealand families?

Nearly every family was affected by the war.

What were the reasons for the outbreak of World War II?

The Treaty of Versailles, reparations on Germany, and the rise of Adolf Hitler.

What was the significance of the defeat of the Central Powers in late 1918 for New Zealand?

It ensured New Zealand's physical and economic security.

How many New Zealand soldiers were reported as missing, dead, or wounded during the Gallipoli Campaign?

2,721 dead and 4,752 wounded.

What was the total number of casualties for the Entente forces in the Gallipoli Campaign?

187,959.

What battles did New Zealand participate in during World War II besides Europe?

El Alamein and Greece.

What was the impact of World War II on New Zealand's identity?

The impact on the home front was considerable.

What was a major consequence of the Great Depression that contributed to World War II?

It worsened Germany's financial situation after World War I.

What was the role of the Australia New Zealand Army Corp (ANZAC) during the Gallipoli Campaign?

They supported British and French soldiers in an attempt to capture the Gallipoli Peninsula.

How did World War II influence New Zealanders' identity?

It developed their sense of identity and increased their confidence in their role in the world, particularly in defending the Pacific and their own shores.

What was the significance of the 2NZEF during World War II?

The 2NZEF established itself as a heroic and elite fighting force, contributing to New Zealand's national identity by declaring war on Germany and Italy independently of Britain.

What was the impact of US troops on New Zealand during World War II?

US troops brought goods such as donuts, waffles, hot dogs, and hamburgers, and many women married US soldiers.

What was the casualty rate for New Zealand during World War II?

11,928 New Zealanders died, with approximately 10% of the population involved in the war, marking the highest number of dead per million people in the entire war.

What measures did New Zealand households take to protect against potential Japanese invasion during World War II?

Many homes used blackout windows/dressings, and 50% of incomes went toward the war effort, alongside food rationing.

How is the contribution of New Zealanders in World War II commemorated?

It is commemorated annually on April 25th as part of ANZAC Day, with rituals like the dawn parade, the Last Post, and the poppy.

What were some significant battles involving New Zealand forces in World War II?

New Zealand forces participated in the Battle of Britain, the Battle of Crete, and the Battle of El Alamein, as well as defending the Pacific.

What was the 'Kayforce' in the context of the Korean War?

The 'Kayforce' was a contingent of ground troops from New Zealand, named after its commander, Br. Kenneth MacArthur Young.

Why did New Zealand participate in the Korean War?

New Zealand participated as part of its commitment to the United Nations and its alliance with the United States.

What was the duration of New Zealand's military involvement in Korea?

New Zealand military forces were involved in Korea from 1950 until 1957.

What role did the Māori Battalion play in World War II?

The Māori Battalion fought bravely for New Zealand, helping to bring Māori further into mainstream New Zealand society.

What were some of the homefront impacts of World War II on New Zealand?

There was a significant impact on households, including rationing of food, housing US troops, and financial contributions to the war effort.

What is the significance of the poppy in New Zealand's war commemoration?

The poppy is an icon used to remember the sacrifices of those who fought and died to defend the nation.

How did New Zealand's military structure change during World War II?

Due to the lack of a territorial force, the 2nd NZ Expeditionary Force was created, consisting of 104,000 soldiers.

What was the role of New Zealand forces in the Pacific during World War II?

They fought alongside the USA, particularly in liberating the Solomon Islands and preventing an invasion of New Caledonia.

What was the impact of World War II on New Zealand's population?

The war resulted in a high casualty rate, with a significant portion of the population involved in military service.

What types of goods did US troops introduce to New Zealand during World War II?

US troops introduced goods like donuts, waffles, hot dogs, and hamburgers.

What was the relationship between New Zealand and the USA during World War II?

New Zealand formed a close alliance with the USA, particularly in the defense of the Pacific.

What were some lasting testaments to the threat of Japanese invasion in New Zealand?

Battle emplacements at North Head, Rangitoto, and Waiheke islands serve as reminders of the real threat during the war.

What annual event commemorates the contributions of New Zealand forces in World War II?

ANZAC Day, observed on April 25th, commemorates the contributions of the 2NZEF and the ANZACs.

What was the significance of the Battle of Britain for New Zealand?

New Zealanders served in the Royal Air Force and the 2NZEF, defending against a potential German landing.

What influenced New Zealand's decision to participate in the Korean War?

Concerns about communist expansion in Asia during the Cold War.

How many New Zealanders served in the Korean War as part of Kayforce?

4700 New Zealanders served under UN command.

What was the economic impact of the Korean War on New Zealand?

A wool boom brought prosperity but also led to the waterfront dispute of 1951.

What treaty did New Zealand achieve as a result of the Korean War?

The ANZUS Treaty of 1951.

What was a significant battle involving New Zealand forces during the Korean War?

The Battle of Kapyong in April 1951.

How many New Zealanders lost their lives during the Korean War?

45 men, with 33 of them dying during the war.

What years did the Vietnam War occur?

1955-1975.

Who were the main opposing sides in the Vietnam War?

North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its ally, the United States.

Why was New Zealand involved in the Vietnam War?

As an ally of the United States under the ANZUS treaty.

What was the public reaction in New Zealand to the Vietnam War?

It was highly controversial, leading to protests and questioning of New Zealand's role.

How many New Zealanders died while on active service in Vietnam?

Thirty-seven men died.

What was the peak number of New Zealand military personnel in Vietnam?

548 military personnel in 1968.

What change in identity did New Zealand experience due to the Vietnam War?

A move towards independence from the United States and a reevaluation of its alliances.

What was the first action taken by New Zealand troops in Vietnam?

The gunners of 161 Battery fired their first shells near Saigon on 16 July 1965.