Introductory Lecture on the Respiratory and Urinary Systems

These flashcards cover important terminology and concepts from the lecture notes on the respiratory and urinary systems.

Respiration

The process of inhalation (supply body with O2) and exhalation (dispose of CO2).

Gas Conditioning

Process of warming, moistening, and filtering air as it passes through the respiratory tract.

Olfaction

The sense of smell facilitated by receptors in the nasal cavity.

Defense

Mechanisms in the respiratory system that protect against pathogens, including cilia and mucus.

Conducting Zone

Respiratory passages that carry air to the site of gas exchange and filter, humidify, and warm the air.

Respiratory Zone

The site of gas exchange in the lungs, including structures like alveoli.

Larynx

The voice box, responsible for sound production; contains vocal cords.

Epiglottis

A flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

Alveoli

Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, composed of a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium.

Pulmonary Ventilation

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs, including inspiration and expiration.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Glomerulus

A network of capillaries in the nephron where blood filtration occurs.

Oliguria

Decreased urine output.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Hormone that increases water retention by making collecting ducts more permeable to water.

Diuretics

Chemicals that increase urinary output by inhibiting water reabsorption.

Urethra

The tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body.

Ureters

Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.