Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

photosynthesis

photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy

Cellular Respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of cellular respiration

Transpiration

Release of excess water into the air through the stomata

Chlorophyll

Pigment that gives a plant its green color. Found in the chloroplasts. Absorbs energy from the sun.

Chloroplast

organelle found in plants where photosynthesis takes place.

oxygen

gas that is a product of photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide

gas that is a reactant of photosynthesis

leaf

the part of the plant where most photosynthesis takes place.

light energy

energy from the sun that is used by plants to start the process of photosynthesis (splits apart H2O molecule).

stomata

tiny holes in the leaves of a plant where gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit

Photosynthesis equation

carbon dioxide + water --> glucose and oxygen

glucose

the type of sugar made during photosynthesis; stores energy from the sun and is used by plants and animals as "food"

product

a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction

reactant

a substance that undergoes a chemical reaction to form something new

autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

heterotroph

An organism that can NOT make its own food, and must get energy from other organisms.

cellular respiration equation

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate. Energy.

Anaerobic

Does not use oxygen

Aerobic

Uses oxygen

Fermantation

When oxygen is NOT present in anaerobic cellular respiration.

Location of Photosynthesis

Chloroplast

reactants of photosynthesis

6H20 + 6CO2

products of photosynthesis

6H20 + 6CO2

thylakoid

A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.

stroma

fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids

stoma

opening

granum

stack of thylakoids

NADPH

An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis. Light drives electrons from chlorophyll to NADP+, forming NADPH, which provides the high-energy electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar in the Calvin cycle.

photon

A particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy

glucose

C6H12O6

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate. Forms ATP

Light dependent reactions

uses H20, ADP, P, and NADP+. Produces O2, NADPH, and ATP

RuBp

a 5 carbon molecule in the stroma during calvin cycle

Glycolosis

First stage of cellular respiration. Occurs in cytoplasm in all organisms. Inputs: glucose and 2 ATP. Outputs: 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH.

Link Reaction and Krebs Cycle

Occurs in the Mitochondria matrix and requires oxygen. Input: 2 Acetyl, Co-A. Output: 6 CO2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH, 8 H+, 2 ATP

Electron transport chain

Final stage of cellular respiration. exists on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. generates majority of ATP per glucose. input: O2, 6 CO2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH, 8 H+, 2 ATP. Output: 32 ATP, H2O.