Key Questions year 1

What year was the Emancipation?

1861

What is Alexander’s nickname?

“Reformer”

What military defeat was a motivation for the Emancipation?

Crimean

What is the name of the Peasant communes that were set up?

The Mirs

How long was given to pay redemption payments?

49 years

What new form of local governments were set up?

Zemstva in 1864

What year were new judicial reforms?

1864

What happened to Church control of Education before 1870?

Lessened

Name two parts of the military reforms?

Conscription extended to all classes Less punishments Better care

What was the name of the Constitution that was about to be signed before Alexander was killed?

Loris Melikov

What did Westernisers believe?

Russia should be more western

What did Slavophiles believe?

Russia should focus on Slavic identity

Who wanted to “go to the people”?

The Narodniks/ Populists

In what year did Land and Liberty split?

1879

Who was the more aggressive group after this?

The People’s Will

What did people refer to the Tsar as?

Little Father

Who made up the Russian army?

1.5 million Conscripted serfs

What was the name of the secret police under Alex 2?

Third Section

What years was the Crimean War?

1853-56

What type of state was Russia?

Autocratic

Who was Alexander II’s Economic Minister?

Von Reutern

What type of farming was abolished?

Tax

What happened to import duties?

Reduced

What network expanded?

Trans-Siberian Railway

Who did well from Emancipation?

Kulaks

What is Alexander’s nickname?

Reactionary

What event led him to be particularly harsh?

Murder of his father

What was the name of his 1881 Manifesto?

Unshakeable Autocracy

What type of people were placed in government?

Nobles

What were established in 1889?

Land Captains

What event in 1891-2 led to more opposition?

Famine

Where did many radicals live?

Cities

What type of literature was smuggled in?

Marxist

What happened to Lenin’s elder brother?

Executed

What economic change led to more opposition?

Industrialisation

What was the secret police called under Alex 3?

Okhrana

Who ran the Okhrana?

Plehve

Which social group regained more power under Alexander III?

Church

What was established to help peasants manage land in 1883?

Peasant’s Land Bank

What % of people were literate by 1897?

only 21%

Who was Economic Minister 1887-92?

Vyshnegradsky

What did he famously claim about exports?

We will not eat we will export

When was Witte Economic Minister?

1892-1903

Where did he encourage business with?

Western Europe# By 1897 where did Russia rank in world economies?

How many different ethnic groups were there in Russia?

100+

Name 3countries where Russification was increased

Finland

What religion was everyone encouraged to follow?

Orthodoxy

Where did Jews live in Russia?

The Pale of Settlement

What years were the pogroms?

1881-84

What happened at Khodynka Fields?

Crowd crushed

What military action upset people 1904-5?

Russo Jap war

Who led Bloody Sunday?

Father Gapon

What strike took place in St Petersburg?

General

What date was the October Manifesto released?

30th Oct

What was St Petersburg’s new name?

Petrograd

When did Nicholas become Chief of the Russian Army?

Sept 1915

Who helped to run the country when Nicholas was away?

Rasputin and the Tsarina

How many people deserted the Russian army by 1916?

1.5 mil

What rose in numbers in the cities during WW1?

Strikes

What manifesto was signed after Bloody Sunday?

October

What workers’ group was set up?

Soviet

What did the Fundamental Laws mean?

Nicholas could still control Dumas

How many Dumas were there?

4

Who changed the voting rules in 1907?

Stolypin

Which theorist was behind the Social Revolutionary Party?

Chernov

What was their most influential tactic?

Violent protest

What was the key split in 1903? Name the 2 parts and 2 leaders

Bolsheviks Lenin and Mensheviks Martov

What was legalised after 1905?

Trade Unions

Who was active in trying to stop Opposition Groups?

Secret Police

What key change led to rise in urban population?

Industrialisation

Investment in what increased?

Education

Who in the countryside became richer at this point?

Kulaks

The expansion of what helped people to migrate to the East?

Railways

In what groups did the Nobles and Middle class maintain influence?

Business, Government and military

Who led on Agricultural Change?

Stolypin

What were Stolypin’s Land Reforms?

Leave mirs and traditional strip farming, land banks and payments abolished

What was claimed to be needed for these to work?

20 years of peace

What two groups made up “Dual Power” ?

Provisional Govovernment and the Petrograd Soviet

Who was the Chairman of the Provisional Government?

Lvov

Who took over this role in July 1917?

Kerensky

What were the July Days?

Riots including Bolsheviks

Who attempted a coup?

Kornilov

Where was Lenin in exile in July 1917?

Switzerland

Which two members of the Central Committee voted not to have a violent uprising?

Zinoviev and Kamenev

Who ran the Military Revolutionary Committee ?

Trotsky

Who was the editor of Pravada in 1917?

Bukharin

Who returned with Lenin in the sealed train?

Zinoviev

What did the battleship Aurora do?

Fired a warning shot at the Winter Palace

Sailors from which naval base helped?

Kronstadt

What did Kerensky do in reaction?

Shut down papers raised bridges

Where did the Bolsheviks storm?

Winter Palace

Why have popular depictions of the Storming been exaggerated?

To make it look more impressive

What key International day was on the 23rd Feb?

Women’s

Who begun to refuse to follow instructions to shoot at civilians?

Soldiers

What did the Duma decide ignoring the Tsar’s orders?

Set up a Provisional Government

What was agreed by March 2nd?

Nicholas abdicated

What was Order No 1?

Gave Soviet power over Provisional Government for military