DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis Mock Exam

B

What is the full name of DNA?

a) Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

b) Deoxyribonucleic Acid

c) Double Nuclear Acid

d) Deoxyribo Nucleotide Acid

B

What is the full name of RNA?

a) Ribo Nucleic Acid

b) Ribonucleic Acid

c) Ribosome Nuclear Acid

d) Ribose Nucleotide Acid

C

What type of sugar is found in DNA?

a) Ribose

b) Glucose

c) Deoxyribose

d) Fructose

B

What type of sugar is found in RNA?

a) Deoxyribose

b) Ribose

c) Sucrose

d) Maltose

B

What is the typical structure of DNA strands?

a) Single-stranded

b) Double-stranded (double helix)

c) Triple-stranded

d) Branched

C

What is the typical structure of RNA strands?

a) Double-stranded

b) Triple-stranded

c) Single-stranded

d) Circular

D

Which nitrogenous base is unique to DNA?

a) Adenine

b) Uracil

c) Cytosine

d) Thymine

C

Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA?

a) Guanine

b) Thymine

c) Uracil

d) Adenine

C

In DNA, Adenine (A) pairs with which base?

a) Cytosine (C)

b) Guanine (G)

c) Thymine (T)

d) Uracil (U)

D

In RNA, Adenine (A) pairs with which base?

a) Cytosine (C)

b) Guanine (G)

c) Thymine (T)

d) Uracil (U)

C

Where is DNA mostly located within a eukaryotic cell?

a) Cytoplasm

b) Ribosome

c) Nucleus

d) Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Where can RNA be found within a eukaryotic cell?

a) Both in the nucleus and cytoplasm

b) Only in the cytoplasm

c) Only in the nucleus

d) Only in the mitochondria

B

What is the primary function of DNA?

a) Helps in protein synthesis

b) Stores genetic information

c) Transports amino acids

d) Forms part of the ribosome

B

What is the primary function of RNA?

a) Stores genetic information

b) Helps in protein synthesis

c) Provides structural support

d) Catalyzes metabolic reactions

A

Which molecule is considered more stable?

a) DNA

b) RNA

c) Both are equally stable

d) Neither is stable

B

Which molecule is considered less stable?

a) DNA

b) RNA

c) Both are equally stable

d) Neither is stable

D

Which molecule is longer and contains the entire genome?

a) RNA

b) tRNA

c) mRNA

d) DNA

B

Which molecule is shorter and contains copies of genes only?

a) DNA

b) RNA

c) rRNA

d) Polymerase

B

What is the full name of mRNA?

a) Master RNA

b) Messenger RNA

c) Mitochondrial RNA

d) Micro RNA

A

What is the full name of tRNA?

a) Transfer RNA

b) Template RNA

c) Transcribing RNA

d) Transitional RNA

C

What is the full name of rRNA?

a) Repeating RNA

b) Regulatory RNA

c) Ribosomal RNA

d) Reactive RNA

C

What is the function of mRNA?

a) Brings amino acids to the ribosome

b) Forms part of the ribosome

c) Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome

d) Stores genetic information

D

What is the function of tRNA?

a) Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome

b) Forms part of the ribosome

c) Stores genetic information

d) Brings amino acids to the ribosome

C

What is the function of rRNA?

a) Brings amino acids to the ribosome

b) Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome

c) Forms part of the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis

d) Edits mRNA

C

What key feature does mRNA have?

a) Anticodons

b) Ribozymes

c) Codons

d) Phosphates

B

What key feature does tRNA have to match mRNA codons?

a) Codons

b) Anticodon

c) Ribozyme

d) Polymerase

B

What is the location of mRNA's journey from synthesis to function?

a) Cytoplasm → Nucleus

b) Nucleus → Cytoplasm

c) Ribosome → Nucleus

d) Endoplasmic Reticulum → Cytoplasm

B

Where does tRNA primarily function?

a) Nucleus

b) Cytoplasm

c) Endoplasmic Reticulum

d) Golgi Apparatus

A

Where is rRNA primarily located?

a) Cytoplasm (in ribosomes)

b) Nucleus

c) Mitochondria

d) Cell membrane

C

What is the first step in protein synthesis?

a) Translation

b) mRNA Processing

c) Transcription

d) Post-Translational Modifications

B

What is the second step in protein synthesis (for eukaryotes only)?

a) Transcription

b) mRNA Processing

c) Translation

d) Protein Targeting

C

What is the third step in protein synthesis, where mRNA is read to build a protein?

a) Transcription

b) mRNA Processing

c) Translation

d) Post-Translational Modifications

A

What is the enzyme that reads a gene on the DNA during transcription?

a) RNA Polymerase

b) RNA Ligase

c) DNA Polymerase

d) DNA Helicase

C

In transcription, if the DNA code is TAC, what will be the complementary mRNA code?

a) ATG

b) AUC

c) AUG

d) TUC

C

What are the non-coding parts removed from mRNA during processing?

a) Exons

b) Codons

c) Introns

d) Anticodons

D

What is added to the 5' end of mRNA during processing to protect it?

a) Poly-A tail

b) 3' cap

c) Ribozyme

d) 5' cap

B

What is added to the 3' end of mRNA during processing to protect it?

a) 5' cap

b) Poly-A tail

c) Intron

d) Exon

C

After mRNA processing, where does the mature mRNA leave the nucleus and go to?

a) Endoplasmic Reticulum

b) Golgi Apparatus

c) Cytoplasm

d) Mitochondria

B

Where does translation occur in the cytoplasm?

a) Nucleus

b) Ribosome

c) Golgi Apparatus

d) Cell Membrane

D

What type of molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

a) mRNA

b) rRNA

c) DNA

d) tRNA

C

What is linked together to form a polypeptide chain (protein) during translation?

a) Nucleotides

b) Sugars

c) Amino acids

d) Lipids

C

What is the step where the polypeptide folds into its proper 3D shape?

a) Transcription

b) Translation

c) Post-Translational Modifications

d) Protein Targeting

B

Where do post-translational modifications typically occur?

a) Nucleus or Ribosome

b) Cytoplasm or Endoplasmic Reticulum/Golgi Apparatus

c) Cell membrane or outside the cell

d) Mitochondria or Chloroplast

C

What might be added to a protein during post-translational modifications (e.g., sugars or phosphates)?

a) Amino acids

b) Lipids

c) Modifications

d) Nucleotides

D

What is the final step in protein synthesis where the protein is delivered where needed?

a) Transcription

b) Translation

c) Post-Translational Modifications

d) Protein Targeting/Transport

C

What does "Transcription" mean in the context of protein synthesis?

a) Reading mRNA to build a protein

b) Editing mRNA

c) Copying the DNA into mRNA

d) Folding the protein

B

What does "Processing" mean in the context of protein synthesis?

a) Copying DNA

b) Editing the mRNA before sending it out

c) Building the protein

d) Delivering the protein

C

What does "Translation" mean in the context of protein synthesis?

a) Copying DNA

b) Editing mRNA

c) Reading the mRNA to build a protein

d) Folding the protein

C

Which of the following is a function of a final protein inside the cell?

a) Hormones

b) Antibodies

c) Enzymes

d) DNA storage

B

If a protein is needed outside the cell, what is an example provided in the document?

a) Receptors

b) Antibodies

c) Enzymes

d) Ribosomes