AP Bio - Unit 2

Cell Structure and Function

Ribosomes

Particles that are responsible for protein synthesis(the production of proteins from amino acids). They are located either attached to the ER or floating around the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

1. Smooth ER - Primarily for the creation and storage of lipids and steroids. Found throughout the cytoplasm.

2. Rough ER - Called rough ER because it is covered in ribosomes. Primarily for protein creation, sorting, and transportation.

Golgi Complex

A stack of small flat stacks in the cells cytoplasm. Prepares proteins and lipids for use outside the cell.

Mitochondria

Membrane-bound organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cells biochemical reactions. The energy is stored in small molecules called ATP.

Lysosomes

Membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes that acts of the digestive system of the cell.

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound organelles in plants that take in and get rid of waste products such as ammonia.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plants that converts light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthesis process.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy to chemical energy. Takes place in Chloroplasts

Cellular respiration

Takes place in the mitochondria and is a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce ATP

Material exchange

Cells exchange material through diffusion where it moves from a higher concentration to a lower one.

Plasma Membrane

Made up of a lipid bilayer where there is a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.