Vitamins, Minerals & Electrolytes 🥗

What is Wilson’s Disease?

A genetic disorder where the liver is unable to process and remove copper from the body. ➡Copper levels increase = toxicity leading to damage of the liver, brain & eyes

(Zinc can be used to treat this)

Supplement used for treatment of symptoms in Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

Thiamine

Signs of hyperkalaemia?

LAWS

L - Lower BP, pulse, respiratory rate

A - Arrthymias

W - Weakness

S - Spasms

Signs of hypokalaemia?

PALM

P - Paralytic ileus (muscle contractions that move food through your intestines are temporarily paralysed)

A - Arrthymias

L - Lethargy

M - Muscle weakness

Signs of hyponatraemia?

SALT LOSS

S - Stupor (near-unconsciousness)/coma

A - Anoxeria

L - Lethargy

T - Tendon reflexes (decreased)

L - Limp muscles (weakness)

O - Orthostatic hypotension

S - Seizures/headches

S - Stomach cramps

Signs of hyponatraemia (simple)

BILLS

B - Bowel motility

I - Increased

L - Lethargy

L - Less urine output

S - Spasms (muscle)

Signs of hypernatraemia?

FAT COC

F - Flushing

A - Agitation

T - Thirst

C - Confusion

O - Oedema

C - Coma

Signs of hypomagnesaemia?

Signs of hypermagnesemia

Signs of hypocalcemia

CAT

C - Convulsions

A - Arrhythmias

T - Tingling/Tetany

Signs of hypercalcaemia

CANDA’s Men Cant Hide

C - Confusion

A - Abdo pain

N - N&V

D - Dehydration

A - Arrthymias

M - Muscle weakness

C - Constipation

H - Hallucinations

What drugs cause hyperkalaemia?

THANKS B

T - Trimethoprim

H - Heparins

A - ACEi / ARBs

N - NSAIDS

K S - K Sparing Diuretics

B - Beta blockers

C - Ciclosporin & Tacrolimus

What drugs cause hypernatraemia?

What drugs cause hypermagnesia?

What drugs cause hypomagnesaemia?

• PPIs

• Loop & thiazide diuretics

• Aminoglycosides

• Ciclosporin

• Gentamicin

• Alcohol

What drugs cause hypokalaemia?

What drugs cause Hypocalcaemia?

• Monoclonal antibodies e.g. Denosumab

What drugs cause hyponatraemia?

“Certain Drugs Ditch Salt”

C - Carbamazepine

D - Diuretics

D - Desmopressin /Vasopressin

S - SSRIs

What medications need spacing with iron?

• Antacids -

What do you give to reverse hyperkalaemia?

Calcium gluconate

What electrolyte imbalance causes Digoxin toxicity?

Hypokalaemia (low potassium)

What electrolyte imbalance causes Lithium toxicity?

Hyponatraemia