Functions and Anatomy of the Vertebral Column

This set of flashcards covers the functions, anatomy, and associated conditions of the vertebral column, including the types of vertebrae and the structures of intervertebral joints.

Functions of the vertebral column

Encloses and protects the spinal cord, supports the trunk and skull, and provides attachment for the back and ribs.

Cervical vertebrae

7 vertebrae located in the neck region of the spine.

Thoracic vertebrae

12 vertebrae located in the upper and mid-back, each attached to a rib.

Lumbar vertebrae

5 vertebrae found in the lower back, known for their larger size and strength.

Sacrum

A triangular bone formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae, located at the base of the spine.

Coccyx

The small bone at the base of the vertebral column, typically formed by 3 to 5 fused vertebrae.

Intervertebral joints

Joints formed between adjacent vertebrae that allow for flexibility and movement.

Zygapophyseal joints

Gliding joints located between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Annulus fibrosus

The outer pad of fibrous tissue surrounding the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc.

Nucleus pulposus

The inner soft, gel-like center of an intervertebral disc.

Spina bifida

A congenital defect where the laminae of the vertebrae fail to fuse together, leaving a gap.

Hemivertebra

A congenital anomaly where one half of a vertebra is absent or fused with an adjacent vertebra.

Kyphotic curvature

A curvature of the spine that is convex backward, such as in the thoracic region.

Lordotic curvature

A curvature of the spine that is concave backward, such as in the cervical and lumbar regions.

Vertebral canal

The tubular passage formed by the vertebral foramina that houses the spinal cord.

Intervertebral foramen

The openings on each side of the vertebral arch allowing for the passage of spinal nerves.

Costovertebral joints

Joints formed between the ribs and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae.