Mendel's Laws of Inheritance and Genetics

Pangenes

Hippocrates' incorrect idea of heredity particles.

Heredity

Transmission of traits across generations.

Genetics

Scientific study of heredity, initiated by Mendel.

Alleles

Alternative versions of genes causing variations.

Homozygous

Organism with two identical alleles for a gene.

Heterozygous

Organism with two different alleles for a gene.

Dominant Allele

Allele that determines appearance in heterozygous organisms.

Recessive Allele

Allele with no noticeable effect on appearance.

Law of Segregation

Alleles separate during gamete formation.

Law of Dominance

Hybrid offspring express dominant trait in phenotype.

Law of Independent Assortment

Traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

Genotype

Genetic makeup influencing physical traits.

Phenotype

Physical expression influenced by genotype and environment.

Monohybrid Cross

Cross between two heterozygous individuals for one trait.

Dihybrid Cross

Cross between individuals heterozygous for two traits.

Rule of Multiplication

Calculates probability of two independent events occurring.

Rule of Addition

Calculates probability of an event occurring in multiple ways.

Mendel's Experiments

Studies on pea plants revealing inheritance patterns.

Environmental Factors

External influences affecting phenotype expression.

Gametes

Reproductive cells carrying alleles for inheritance.

Fertilization

Union of sperm and egg to form a zygote.