CNA test

What does the abbreviation HMO mean?

Health matinence organization

Nursing process

ADPIE

Assessment, nurse diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

What steps can a CNA do in ADPIE

Assessment (vitals and observation) and implementation (carrying out care plan)

How many hours of training does OBRA require for nursing assistants?

75

How many hours of in-service education does OBRA require for nursing assistants every year?

12

What is the purpose of the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)?

To give adults information about their rights related to advance directives

Verbal communication

Uses spoken or written words 

Non verbal communication

1. Communicating without words 

2. body language, facial expressions etc.

Objective information

Information you can see, hear, feel, smell, or measure

ex: Vital signs

• Skin color

• Bleeding

• Vomiting

Subjective information

Information the resident reports (feelings or symptoms)

How to convert PM time to military time

Add 12 to the hour

How to convert military time over 1200 to standard time

Subtract 12 and add PM

Pathogens

Harmful microorganisms

Infection occurs when

Pathogens invade the body and multiply

Localized infection

Infection limited to one specific area of the body

Systemic infection

Infection affects the whole body and travels through the bloodstream

Chain of infection

Explains how disease is transmitted; has 6 links

Links in chain of infection

Causitive agent (bacteria) → Reservoir (human, plant, animal) → portal of exit (nose, mouth, eyes) → Mode of transmission (contact, airborne, droplet) → Portal of entry (nose, mouth, eyes) → Suseptible host (person who can become ill)

Standard precautions

Used with every resident; treat blood/body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes as potentially infectious

Correct order for donning PPE

Hand hygiene → Gown → Mask → Goggles/Face shield → Gloves

Correct order for doffing PPE

Gloves → Goggles/Face shield → Gown → Mask → Hand hygiene

Disinfection

Destroys most (not all) pathogens; reduces infection risk

Sterilization

Destroys all microorganisms (including spores)

What are the 3 transmission based precautions

Contact, Droplets, Airborne

Contact precautions

Spread by direct/indirect contact (MRSA, C. diff); gloves and gown; handwashing with soap

Droplet precautions

Droplets within ~6 feet (ex: influenza); wear mask

Airborne precautions

Spread by direct/indirect contact (ex: pink eye, C. diff); gloves and gown; handwashing with soap

One condition or problem that can cause a lack of sensation is

diabetes

RACE is an acronym for a safety rule, and means

Remove residents, Activate alarm or call 911, Contain fire, Extinguish

PASS (FIRE EXTINGUISHER)

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

How should a resident be positioned for meals?

Upright to prevent aspiration

Proper body mechanics include:

Wide base of support, bend at knees, keep back straight, hold objects close to body, push instead of lift

The first two steps to take when approaching an emergency are

Assess the situation and assess the victim

In which of the following situations should an NA give abdominal thrusts to a resident?

The resident cannot speak, breathe, or cough.

If a resident is in shock, a nursing assistant should

Elevate the legs unless the resident has a head or abdominal injury or breathing difficulties

To control bleeding, a nursing assistant should

Hold a thick pad against the wound and press down hard

What is the medical term for difficulty breathing?

Dyspnea

Which of the following is best to use on a burn?

cool water not ice cold or ice

What is the medical term for fainting?

Syncope

When a resident is suspected of having a heart attack, a nursing assistant should

Loosen clothing around the neck

Insulin reaction (hypoglycemia) caused by

Too little food or too much insulin

A resident who is lying on either her left or her right side is in what position?

Lateral

A resident who has her head and shoulders elevated and is in a semi-sitting position (45 to 60 degrees) is in what position?

Fowler's

A resident who is lying on her stomach with her arms at her sides is in what position?

Prone

A resident who is lying on her left side with her upper knee flexed and raised toward the chest is in what position?

Sims'

When transferring residents who have a strong side and a weak side, the NA should plan the move so that

The stronger side moves first

How should a resident use a cane to aid ambulation?

Place the cane about six inches in front of his stronger leg

Dorsal recumbent position

Used to examine: Breasts 

• Chest 

• Perineal area

• Abdomen 

• Lithomy position 

• Used to examine the vagina 

• Knee-chest position

• Used to examine:

  • Rectum 

  • Vagina 

Tips for providing oral care to unconcious patient

• Use as little liquid as possible and turn resident on their side to prevent aspiration 

Normal temp

97.6- 99.6 degrees F

Normal pulse

• 60-100 bpm 

Normal respirations

12-20 RPM

Blood pressure ranges

• Normal 90-119 systolic / 60-79 diastolic 

Low (hypotensive)

• below 90 systolic or below 60 diastolic 

Stage 1 hypertension:

diastolic 80-89

Stage 2 hypertension:

systolic > 140 or diastolic > 90

Which site is most accurate for taking temp

rectal

which site is least accurate for taking temp

axillary

Tachycardia

• high pulse rate 

Bradycardia

low pulse rate

• Straight catheter 

• Inserted to drain urine 

• Removed after urine is drained 

• Does not remain in the body 

• Indwelling (foley) catheter

• Remains in the bladder for a period of time 

• Urine drains into a collection bag

During an enema, a resident will be in the ________ position

Sims

When giving a cleansing enema, how far should the bottom of the enema bag be above the anus?

Not more than 12 inches

Which of the following is true of spinal cord injuries?

The higher the injury, the greater the loss of function.

The medical term for chest pain, pressure, or discomfort is

Angina pectoris

Residents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have trouble with

Breathing

How should a resident with COPD be positioned?

Sitting upright

The most common form of diabetes is

type 2

Which of the following sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) cannot be cured?

Genital herpes

The key treatment for malignant tumors of the skin, breast, bladder, colon, rectum, stomach, and muscle is

Surgery

Enemas

The insertion of fluid into the rectum to help eliminate stool or feces

• Colostomy 

• Opening into the large intestine 

• Stool is usually semisolid

• Ileostomy 

• Opening into the end of the small intestine 

• Stool is liquid and very irritating to skin 

1 oz in mL

30 mL

1 pint mL

500 mL