Abraham and Sarah are equal to Elizabeth and Zachariah
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Elizabeth and Zachariah
Descendants of Aaron (Moses brother); elite Jews
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Mary & Elizabeth are Cousins
John the Baptist and Jesus are blood relatives
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Cana (rural area in Galilee)
Grew up in
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Betrothed to Joseph
Joseph is prominent in Marys pregnancy and Jesus early years but not really anywhere else
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Mark is Negative toward Mary
Mary is clueless to Jesus messiahship
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Lukes Positive Portrayal
Very positive, special woman, chosen woman
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Pseudepigraphal Works
Followed Lukes positive portrayal of Mary
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Gospel of James
Written by Jesus brother
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Gospel of Thomas
about the boyhood of Jesus
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Mary & Gabriel
Gabriel (one of two angels in the New Testament) warns Mary about Jesus
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Holy Spirit "Overshadows" Mary
Holy Spirit impregnates Mary
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John Represents Judaism
Elizabeth is carrying him miraculously just as women in the Old Testament had
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Jesus Presented as Something New
Mary is the first and only virgin birth
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Magnificat
Poem Mary Sings
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Magnificat
Early Christian Hymn
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Hannahs Song
Connects to the Tanakh and Hannahs barren birth
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Late Tradition
mid 80s
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Only mentioned in Luke and Matthew
Why not mentioned in other and earlier places
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Virgin Births in Other Cultures
Not the first time because other cultures; may have been gotten from other sources
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Theotokos
Barer of God, Mother of God
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Perpetual Virginity
She never has sex with Joseph; brothers and sisters are actually cousins or children from Josephs previous marriage (Roman Catholic, Episcopalian, Anglican, Methodist, Lutheran)
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Sinlessness
Mary must be untainted for Jesus to be; Seen in pseudepigraphal texts (Gospel of James)
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Immaculate Conception
Marys mother Ann was also overshadowed by the Holy Spirit
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Ascension
Mary didnt die, she ascended into Heaven
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Census
No record of this at this time; Mary and Joseph travel to Bethlehem (because David was born there so the Messiah would be too)
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Shepherds
outcasts and poor people in that society; Angel tells shepherds that Jesus (the Savior) has been born
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Contrast with Augustus
Caesar Augustus birth was sometimes connected to miracles so Luke uses it as a device showing the similarities but foiled
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Eight days
resurrection
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Seven days
creation; so eight is recreation
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Inner Circle
Peter, John, James
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"glory of God shined through his person"
Dazzling white robes
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Moses
Personification of the Law
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Elijah
Represents Prophets (because he was a standout prophet)
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Meaning of Transfiguration
Foreshadow of the resurrection
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Literary Device
introduces Jesus teachings (Q and L)
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Reversal of roles
Samaritans typically bad, so Jesus shows them as good
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Spirit and Letter of the Law
the saved do not look for loopholes or a minimum, its a transformation
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Martha and Mary
Sisters of Lazarus
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Traditional Roles for Women in Culture vs. the Kingdom
Martha portrays traditional women working, Mary represents women in the kingdom sitting at the feet of Jesus
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Context
parables are meant to speak to all groups of people, the poor, tax collectors, and pharisees
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Lost Sheep
religious leaders (99), the sinners and tax collectors (1), shepherd does the illogical thing (a message of affirmation for the sinners and tax collectors having a place in Heaven)
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Lost Coin
God is portrayed as a woman finding the lost coin
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Lost (Prodigal) Son
goes against the practice of violently forcing your children to respect you; pigs were unclean so it was the lowest of low; Jewish leaders should not run, but the father did; No public affection, but the father kisses his son; older brother is the religious leaders; were called to be more like the father (accepting and joyful)
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When you cover someone in the Bible
it means taking them in and caring for them
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Placing a ring on their finger symbolizes
familial inheritance
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Without shoes is without dignity, so
putting shoes on someone is restoring the dignity
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Calves are meant for big meals, so
they mean a party
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Lukes Negativity Toward the Wealthy
Rich man is not named (minor character), Lazarus is named (major character)
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Roles Reversed
Poor person is in Heaven and the rich man is in Hades
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Illustration of Beatitudes and Woes
those in misery on the world is bless in the afterlife; those in joy (rich) on the world will weep in the afterlife
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Difficulty for the Wealthy to Enter the Kingdom
"it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle"; wealthy man did not notice Lazarus (did not sacrifice for the kingdom of God)
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Similar to Mark
though chronology is different and Jesus speaks on the cross
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Sayings on the Cross
Speaks to the men on crosses with him
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Soldier
changes line from Matthew and Mark
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"Surely this man was innocent"
statement of injustice not Messiahship
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Jesus as role model
Soldier did not view Jesus as the savior
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Injustice
Soldier did not proclaim belief that Jesus was the savior
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Women
A lot of women at the tomb and immediately report to the disciples
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Peter
runs back to find the tomb empty too
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Emmaus
where disciples are going and they did not recognize him when they saw him on the road, not until they did communion together
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Jerusalem
Lukes disciples go here so the Jesus movement can begin with the Jews and spread throughout the rest of the world
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Ascension
End of Luke and Beginning of Acts and all the disciples worshipped (but in Matthew some doubted)
Studied by 4 people
