Art History 2nd exam

Madonna of the Rocks

• Leonardo Da Vinci

• c. 1485

• Commissioned for Chapel; church of S. Francesco Grande, Milan

• Started in Florence, traveled to Milan in 1481

• worked for Sforza 

Sfumato

Smokey subtle transition between forms

Last Supper, S.M., delle grazie (Milan)

• Leonardo Da Vinci

• 1495-8

• fresco, combines oil and tempera on wet plaster

• monks cut a door in it

• linear perspective/ atmospheric perspective

Mona Lisa

• Leonardo Da Vinci 

• 1503-6

• first depiction of a woman in ¾ view

• maybe 24 year old Lisa Gherardini del Giocondo 

Mona

Lady

Ginevra de Benci

• Leonarda da Vinci

• 1474/78

Small Cowper Madonna

• Raphael

• 1505

Madonna of the Meadow

• Raphael

• 1505

The Tempest 

• Giorgione

• 1506

Poesie

“painted [pastoral] poems”

Pastoral Concert

• Titian

• 1510

• Assistant of Giorgione

• pastoral/ idyllic landscape

• allegory of invention/poetry

Colore

focus on color and blending; smooth

Disegno 

emphasis on contour line; design 

Venus of Urbino

• Titian

• 1538

• oil on canvas 

• gaze suggests reciprocation 

• gesture of masturbation

• intended for Guidobaldo II della Rovere

• right side is thought to increase fertility

Donation of Constantine

• document 

• “When Constantine, first christian roman emperor, he transferred authority for the western half of the roman empire to the pope'“

• did not happen 

St. Peter’s Basilica 

• Pope Julius II 

• 1506-1612

• Rome

• not completed until 17th Century

Plan for New Saint Peter’s

• Donato Bramante

• Vatican

• 1505

Bramante’s Plan Medal 

• Bronze

• 1506 

South Elevation of Sistine Chapel

• begun 1475

• painted 1479-81

R wall of Sistine Chapel (from Altar)

Life of Christ (representative of the new law)

L wall of Sistine Chapel (from Altar)

Life of Moses (representative of the old law)

Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter

• Perugino

• Sistine Chapel

• Vatican

• 1481-82

• Apostolic Succession

• Alberti’s ideal city (on the art of building) has a tempietto; Alberti based on vitruvius

• peter depicted kneeling before christ

Tempietto

small temple

Vitruvius

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, a Roman architect, engineer, and author

Apostolic Succession

the uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops, taught by the Roman Catholic Church but denied by most Protestants.

Ceiling of Sistine Chapel

• Michelangelo

• vatican

• 1508-12

• massive barrel vault with trompe-l’oeil architectural framework

• lunettes and spandrals
  above windows – ancestors
  of Christ
  • Corner pendentives – Old
  Testament scenes
  • Pendentives – Prophets and
  Sybils
  • Central – 9 scenes from
  Genesis

Pieta

• Michelangelo

• 1500

• Pieta- mercy

• made for french cardinal

• after it was created for st. peters a group of cardinals admired; a story. he was then salty for being called french. 

David

• Michelangelo

• 1501-04

• marble

• biblical hero; wins battle against Goliath

• symbolizes divine right over might

• gazing in determination; towards Goliath

• commissioned by Florentine republic, for Duomo in Florence but placed near central town hall, symbolizes Florence’s celebration of might and tribute to Florentine republic

trompe-l’oeil 

a French term for "deceive the eye," referring to an art style that uses realistic, three-dimensional depictions to create the illusion that flat surfaces are actual objects or spaces with depth.

Ignudi 

nude figures

Sybils

Female counter to a Prophet

Qualities of High Renaissance

• apex in artistic achievement/perfection of renaissance (according to Vasari) 

• marked by synthesis of CLASSICAL IDEALS and LIFELIKE rendering of natural world

• characterized by: gravity and decorum, harmonious organizations of complex compositions (balance and proportion), balance of the eternal and momentary

Qualities of Mannerism

• ‘Maniera’ = style. style developed in wake of Raphael’s death, in Florence and Rome in

Allegory with Venus

• Bronzino

• 1540’s

• night and time

• time pulling back her curtain

• perhaps jealousy

• serpant figure

allegory

complex idea

Madonna with the Long Neck

• parmigianino

• 1534-40

• alien baby

The Kaaba

• black stone enthroned

Portrait metal of Mehmed II

• Constanzo de Ferrera

• bronze

• istanbul

• 1478

Portait of Mehmed II

• Gentile Bellini

• istanbul

• 1480

• oil on canvas

Seated Scribe

• Gentile Bellini 

• istanbul 

• 1479-81

• pen in brown ink with watercolor and gold on paper 

Portrait of Sultan Husayn Bayqara

• ascribed to Bihzad

• herat, Afghanistan

• 1490’s or 1500 (late Timurid)

• watercolor and gold on paper

Baghdad Kiosk

• Topkapi Palace

• Instanbul

• 1638

• hints at the Sultan’s semi-divine state

• “over the heavens and the earth”, reference to divine power that appears in many throne rooms and palaces associated with Muslim sovereigns

Hagi Sophia

• Constantinople

• turkey

• 532-537

• was a church

• became a mosque 

Süleymaniye Complex (Complex of Süleyman)

• designed by Sinan

• Istanbul

• 1550-57

• Mosque

Idolatry 

the worshiping of idols 

Martin Luther

Johannes Gutenberg

Indulgence

a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution.

Iconoclasm 

• the action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs and institutions or established values and practices.

• the rejection or destruction of religious images as heretical; the doctrine of iconoclasts.

Four Apostles

• Albrecht Dürer

• 1526

Isenheim Altarpiece 

• Nikolaus Hagenauer and Matthais Grünewald

• S. Anthony between SS Augustine and Jerome

• 1500

• for hospital specializing in skin diseases (incl. ergotism) 

Isenheim Altarpiece 

• Matthais Grünewald

• crucifixion, lamentation, SS Sebastian, Anthony Abbot

• 1512-5

• Jesus is putrified

• prayer before the altarpiece is apart of the healing process

after “breaking” jesus’s arm

the Buxheim St. Christopher

• mid 15th-century 

• hand-colored woodcut

Demons Tormenting St. Anthony

• Martin Schongauer

• 1480-1490

• engraving

wood-cut

Engraving 

Four Horseman of the Apocalypse

• Albrecht Dürer

• 1497-1498

• based on figures in the book of revelation

The fall of man 

• Albrecht Dürer

• (adam and eve)

• 1504

• tree of life

• tree of knowledge

• “Albertus Durer Noricus Faciebat 1504”

Copy of bronze original 

• Apollo Belvedere 

• 120-40

• original= 350-325 B.C.E. 

Death and the Maiden

• hans Baldung Grien

• 1520-5

Danube landscape

• Albrecht Altdorfer

• c. 1523

• oil on vellum on wood panel

• 12” x 8-1/2”

The Garden of Earthly Delights

• Hieronymus Bosch

• triptych

• oil on wood

• 1490-1500

• from ‘s-Hertogenbosch, largest city in region of Brabant at the time.