Class 8: Introduction to epidemiology & infection contorl

Epidimiology

“The study which befalls people” Studies the occurrence and distribution of health-related events, states, and processes in specified population

John Snow

Father of epidemiology, cholera outbreak -1853

Endemic

Constant occurrence of disease cases in a geographic area

Epidemic

Cases of disease exceed the normal expected occurrence during a given period

Pandemic

Cases of a disease are widespread across several countries

Tasks of epidemiologists

•Collect data

•Understand cases

•Protect communities

Purpose of infection control

•Protects individuals

•Protects health care workers

•Protects the public

Colonization

The presence of a microorganisms on a host with growth and multiplication without tissue invasion or cellular injury

Infection

A disease state resulting from the entry and multiplication of a pathogen into the tissue of a host

Communicable disease

A disease that can be transmitted from one person to another person

non-communicable disease

A disease for which evidence is lacking that transmission from individual to individual is possible

1st chain

Infectious agent

2ed chain

Reservoir

3rd chain

exit

4th chain

mode of transmission

5th chain

entrance

6th chain

host

Routine infections control practices

Hand hygiene, proper cleaning of area, ppe

Hand hygiene

Pre environment, pre patient, post patient, post environment

Case to case infectious control practice

Special ppe

How to reduce antibiotic resistance

Proper, appropriate, routinely, and complete administration of anti-biotics.

Nosocomial infections

Hospital acquired infections (30% cases are preventable)

Clostridium difficile

The most frequent health care-associated diarrhea in Canada

Live vaccines

last longer, harder to store, whole or weakened pathogen

Non-live vaccines

requires multiple doses, inactive pathogen

Influenza

Has many types and acquired through droplets

Herd immunity

Resistance to the spread of an infectious disease within a population based on pre-existing immunity of a high proportion of individuals as a result of previous infection or vaccination

You are worthy ❤

Yes I am