Human Physiology: Cell Respiration & Metabolism

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell respiration and metabolism as discussed in Human Physiology Chapter 5.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism.

Anabolism

Energy input; the process of large molecule synthesis.

Catabolism

Energy output; the process of breaking down large molecules.

Glycolysis

The conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, occurring in the cytoplasm.

Aerobic respiration

A form of respiration that requires oxygen, involving glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport.

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

The process that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is part of aerobic respiration, producing NADH, FADH2, and ATP.

NADH

A carrier of electrons in metabolism, produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

An anaerobic process occurring in muscle cells and erythrocytes, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP and lactic acid.

Glycogenesis

The production of glycogen, primarily in skeletal muscles and the liver.

Glycogenolysis

The breakdown of glycogen to yield glucose 6-phosphate for glycolysis.

Gluconeogenesis

The production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, primarily in the liver.

Lipogenesis

The formation of triglycerides (fat) from fatty acids and glycerol, primarily in adipose tissue.

Lipolysis

The hydrolysis (breakdown) of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.

Ketogenesis

The formation of ketone bodies from fatty acids, occurring in the liver.

Brown Adipose Tissue

Fat tissue involved in thermogenesis, especially important in newborns.

Transamination

The process of converting keto acids into amino acids by adding an amine group.

Oxidative Deamination

The removal of an amine group from an amino acid, resulting in urea excretion.

β-oxidation

The metabolic process of breaking down fatty acids to form acetyl CoA.

Cori Cycle

The process where lactic acid from skeletal muscles is converted to glucose in the liver.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy currency of the cell, produced during cellular respiration.