Honors Chemistry - Unit 2

Atom

Smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

Atomic Theory

Each element is composed of atoms, all atoms of a given element are identical, atoms are neither created or destroyed in any chemical

Protons (charge)

Positive charge

Neutrons (charge)

none (neutral)

Electrons (charge)

Negative

Anions (charge)

Negative

Cations (charge)

Positive

Net Charge

Number of protons minus number of electrons

How to find weighted average mass

Take percent and divide by 100, multiply decimal by mass, add the two together

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Only 2 electrons can be in an orbital, they must spin in opposite directions to reduce repulsion of electrons

Aufbau Principle

electrons will fill lower energy levels first

Atomic Radius

distance between nuclei divided in half

First Ionization Energy

Energy required to REMOVE an electron from an atom

Electronegativity

Ability to ATTRACT electrons in a chemical bond

Amplitude

Height of wave measured from origin

Wavelength

Distance between crests

Frequency

How many waves do you have per second