CBB TOPIC 3: organic compounds part 1

what are organic compounds?

organic compounds are carbon based molecules found in living organisims and other natural sources

what are the different types of chemical bonds?

covalent bonds

ionic bonds

hydrogen bonds

van der waals forces

what are covalent bonds?

strong bonds involving sharing of electrons between atoms

what are ionic bonds?

occurs due to electrostatic attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions

what are the characteristics of ionic bonds?

transfer of electrons involved

play a role in stabilizing the structures of biomolecules

what are hydrogen bonds?

forms when hydrogen atom that is bound to a highly electronegative atom interacts with another electronegative atom with lone pair of electrons

what important roles does hydrogen bonds play?

secondary and tertiary structure of proteins

double helix structure of DNA

what are van der waals forces?

weak intermolecular forces that result from temporary or permanent dipoles in molecules

how can organic compounds be arranged into?

organic compounds can be arranged into functional groups

what is saturated hydrocarbon?

alkane

what are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

alkene alkyne arenes

what is molecular formula?

shows the number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

what is full structural formula?

shows the arrangement of atoms within the molecule

what is condensed structural formula?

short hand method of the structural formula

what is skeletal or line drawing?

only shows the carbon carbon bonding

all atoms are omitted

what is isomerism?

occurs when 2 or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of the atoms in the molecules

what are the 2 types of isomerism?

structural

stereoisomerism

what is structural isomerism?

structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

what falls under structural isomerism?

chain

positional

functional

what is chain isomerism?

different arrangement of carbon atoms in a chain

what is positional isomerism?

different positions of functional group in the carbon chain

what is functional group isomerism?

same molecular formula but possess different functional groups

what is stereoisomerism?

stereoisomers have same molecular and structural formula but different arrangement of their atoms in space

what falls under stereoisomerism?

geometric (cis-trans)

optical

what is cis-isomer?

on the same side

what is trans-isomer?

on the other side

what are optical isomers?

optical isomers aka enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other

why is stereoisomerism important?

affects biochemical reactions

what happens to stereoisomers in an enzymatic reaction?

only stereoisomers that have the complementary spatial arrangement will fit into the active site of the enzyme