The Americans Chapter 24

Battle of Britain

An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.

Lend Lease Act

allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S

Joseph Stalin

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist and felt betrayed by Hitler when he invaded.

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

appeasement

Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

Franco

Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death

Munich Pact

A 1938 agreement between Great Britain and Germany to appease Hitler

Nonaggression pact

1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland

Atlantic Charter

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amid to work for peace after the war

Kristallnacht

(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews.

Nuremburg laws

1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood.

Sitzkrieg

"Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack

Chamberlain

British Prime Minister who made the Munich Agreement with Hitler known as the appeaser.

Benito Mussolini

founded fascism and ruled Italy for almost 21 years, most of that time as dictator. He dreamed of building Italy into a great empire, but he led his nation to defeat in World War II (1939-1945) and was executed by his own people.

Winston Churchill

A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jews

Final Solution

Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people

Wendell Wilkie

Popular choice for Repub nominee in election of 1940. Critized New Deal, but largely agreed with Roosevelt on preparedness and giving aid to Britain. Lost to Roosevelt. (Bad for Roosevelt largest majority ever not to vote for him)

Hideki Tojo

Japan's prime minister. ordered attack on pearl harbor

RAF

Britain's Royal Air Force

Sudetenland

Land that Germany thought was rightfully theirs due to the large German speaking population in Czechoslovakia

Operation Sea Lion

Germany's plan to invade Great Britain in 1940. It consisted first of taking air superiority and then launching an amphibious invasion. However, it failed because German air superiority could never be established.

Nye Committee

1934. Senate committee led by South Dakota Senator Gerald Nye to investigate why America became involved in WWI. Theory that big business had conspired to have America enter WWI so that they could make money selling war materials. Called bankers and arms producers "merchants of death."

Third Reich

The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 1945

Pearl Harbor

Base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war.

Charles De Gaulle

French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)

What Date was the Bombing of Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941

The treaty of Versailles

Caused more problems

Why were dictators being turned to?

Terrible economies

National Policies are now

nationalism and land expansion

Weimar Republic

German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.

Stalin used _______ to kill his own

purges

Stalin sent the people to labor camps in

Siberia

Mussolini was backed by the

Black Shirts

Hitler was backed by the (He later turns on them)

Brown Shirts

Mussolini's nickname is

il duce (the leader)

Facism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition

Nazi party is

German facism party

Hitler's nickname

Der fuhrer (Leader)

Who did Hitler blame for the loss of WW1 and all their problems

The Jews

How did Hitler get arrested?

Failed political takeover in Bovaria

Mein Kumpf

Autobiography written by Hitler during his imprisonment that spoke about extreme German nationalism, anti-Semitism, communism, and Lebensraum (My Struggle)

Hitler's ideal people were

Aryans or the "master race"

Jesse Owens 1936 Olympics

Jesse Owens competed in the 1936 Olympics which was when Hitler aimed to show that the Germans are the best race at everything(including athletics)

This was not actually true as Jesse Owens defeated Germans

Emperor Hirohito

emperor of Japan during WWII. Until he gives Tojo the reign of Japan

Japan was the first one to

leave the league of nations

Japan

attacked Manchuria China

Italy attacks

Ethiopia

Rome Berlin Axis

1936; close cooperation between Italy and Germany, and soon Japan joined; resulted from Hitler; who had supported Ethiopia and Italy, he overcame Mussolini's lingering doubts about the Nazis.

America wanted to

stay neutral they break this when Pearl Harbor gets bombed.

Recipricoal Trade Aggrement Pact of 1934

Allowed the state department to make treaties with other countries to mutually lower import duties

Austria was annexed by Germany non violent they were called the

Anschlurs (He wanted this territory because it is mainly German Speakers)

Hitlers wants the ________ in Czechoslovakia

Sudetenland

At the Munich conference _______ appeases Hitlers request

Chamberlain PM of Britain

Chamberlain gave it to him because

Hitler promised to not take any more land , 6 months later he takes the rest of Czechoslovakia.

People thought Hitler would not go after Poland because

Soviet on east border, Britain and France would aid issue is they could not get to them.

German-Soviet nonagression pact

1939 agreement in which germany and the soviet union pledged not the fight each other and secretly arranged to divide poland after germany conquered it

Hitler took poland with the

Blitzkrieg method (Lightning method)

Luftwaffe

German Air Force

The French Maginot line

Wall surrounding France that they assumed would help their defenses. Very expensive for France however. (Hitler just goes around it)

Chamberlain gets replaced by

Churchill

France was taken by the germans, who got named governor of part of France

Henri Philippe Petain

Royal Air Force (RAF)

Britain's air force

German Messages were called __________ and the machine the used to read it was ____________

Ultra, enigma

Britain makes Hitler

postpone the raids

Holocaust

a large-scale destruction, especially by fire; a vast slaughter; a burnt offering (conflagaration)

Einstein

German Immigrant who helped the U.S. in the war when he moved to the U.S.

Hitler's final solution began in

Poland

Hitler killed many different types of people because

they were not part of his master race

Jews segregated in

ghettos

ghettos WW2

Jews and others not of the master race were placed in these.

Concentration camps originally

imprisoned political opponents

Auschwitz

was the largest concentration camp

Dr. Mengele

"The Angel of Death," a doctor who performed brutal, unnecessary experiments and operations upon prisoners

The final solution

sped up the killings in concentration camps.

Cash and Carry Program

Allowed Britain to buy materials from the U.S provided they paid up front and used their own shipping.

Triparite pact

Germany, Italy & Japan sign an agreement that each country would declare war on any country that attacked any of them.

Us gets use of 8 naval bases for

giving british warships

Conscription is also

A military draft (Came back in preparation to WWII)

Operation Barabossa

The Nazi's began the Invasion of the Soviet Union with this plan (Hitler was 15 miles away from Moscow due to Russian Winter) Stalin SHOCKED

Stalin killed

even his higher general led to almost chaos in the Soviet Union

Battle of the Atlantic

Germany's naval attempt to cut off British supply ships by using u-boats. Caused Britain and the US to officially join the war after their ships were sunk. After this battle, the Allies won control of the seas, allowing them to control supply transfer, which ultimately determined the war. 1939-1945

Churchill and FDR met in

The USS Agusta

Japan took over most of

Asia

U.S. cut off oil embargo to Japan this impacted to them because

They got a TON of oil from the U.S. it fueled their war machine.

Japan started building the

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Hirohito told Tojo to keep peace, but Tojo

Orders the Bombing of Pearl Harbor

Japan's Main Targets on Pearl Harbor

Aircraft Carriers (Hit mainly ships)

U.S. declares war

the next day

Lebrensaum

"Living Space" - Hitler dictated that one of his reasons for expanding German territory was to gain this for the German people.

Allied Powers

Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II.

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan