Chapter 13 Learning and Memory

Sensory memory

A brief period of time that the initial sensation of environmental stimuli is initially remembered

Echoic memory

Auditory sensory memory; Saying “what” after someone asks a question while you are doing a task and then immediately hearing an ‘echo’ of their voice and answering your own question

Short-term memory

Only a small fraction of information passes from sensory memory to the second stage of memory formation. Lasts seconds to minutes and has limited capacity

Rehearsal

You might be able to remember the phone number longer if you repeat it to yourself until you enter it in a phone

Chunking

Grouping pieces of information together, such as the sections of a SSN or phone number

Long-term memory

Relatively permanent and can last for minutes, hours, days, or decades.

Non declarative memory

Implicit memory; memories we are not necessarily conscious of. Control behaviors.

Non declarative memory example

Learning the motor behaviors necessary to ride or drive a bike/car.

Declarative memory

Explicit memory; memory of events and facts that we can think and talk about.

Declarative memory example

A memory appears as a video in your mind; Birthday party — where you were, when the event occurred, what other people were present, what happened, and so on.