Socials 10 - French/English & Indigenous Study Guide

This collection of flashcards covers key terms and concepts from the Socials 10 study guide on French, English, and Indigenous topics in Quebec.

Maurice Duplessis

Premier of Quebec (1936-1939, 1944-1959) known for his strong Quebec nationalism and a regime marked by corruption during 'The Great Darkness'.

Quiet Revolution

A peaceful modernization movement in Quebec during the 1960s that transformed its economy, politics, education, and culture.

Jean Lesage

Liberal leader who came to power in Quebec in 1960, known for the slogan 'Time for a Change'.

Masters of our own house (Maitres chez nous)

1962 Liberal campaign motto focused on strengthening Quebec's control over its economy.

Official Languages Act

A 1969 law making Canada officially bilingual, requiring federal agencies to provide services in both languages.

James Cross

British diplomat kidnapped by the FLQ on October 5, 1970; released after the kidnappers were given safe passage to Cuba.

Pierre Trudeau quote during the FLQ crisis

'Just watch me.' - A famous quote from the Canadian Prime Minister during the FLQ crisis.

Bill 101 & Bill 22

Bill 101 is the "Charter of the French Language". Quebec language laws that prioritized French. Bill 22 made French the official language of Quebec, and Bill 101 strengthened French use in education, business, and government.

Elijah Harper

Manitoba MLA who withheld support for the Meech Lake Accord due to its lack of provisions for Indigenous peoples.

The Clarity Act

A 1999-2000 law requiring a 'clear question' and 'clear majority' for any provincial separation referendum.

Assimilation

The process through which a minority culture is absorbed into the majority culture, losing distinct features.

Residential school system

An aggressive assimilation program aimed at eradicating Indigenous languages, traditions, and cultural practices.

National Indian Brotherhood

The former name for the Assembly of First Nations, focused on improving conditions for Indigenous Peoples and to protect Indigenous rights.

Specific land claims

Land claims based on existing treaties.

Oka

A 1990 armed conflict between the Mohawk community of Kanehsatà:ke and authorities over land rights.

Elements of Indigenous self-government

The right of Indigenous peoples to manage their own laws, education, justice systems, and community affairs.

Terms of Nisga'a Treaty

A modern treaty (2000) granting the Nisga’a Nation land ownership, self-government powers, and control over resources in British Columbia.

Nunavut limitations on self-government

Despite having its own government, Nunavut's key areas are controlled by the federal government.

1998 Statement of Reconciliation

A federal government apology acknowledging the harm caused by residential schools.

Charles DeGaulle

President of France who supported Quebec nationalism and famously declared 'Vive le Québec libre.'

FLQ

Front de Liberation du Quebec; a terrorist group that advocated for Quebec independence.

Royal Proclamation

Document that halted further settlement in North America until treaties with Indigenous peoples were negotiated.

Indian Status

A legal identity under the Indian Act determining recognition as a First Nations person by the Canadian government.

Great Darkness

A term referring to the period during Duplessis's regime characterized by bribery and corruption.

White Paper

A federal proposal to eliminate Indian Status and treaties, strongly opposed and withdrawn.

Gustafsen Lake

A 1995 standoff in British Columbia between Indigenous land defenders and police over land rights.