Scientific revolution

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A period (16th–17th centuries) of major advances in science that changed views of nature and the universe.

When did the Scientific Revolution take place?

Roughly between the mid-1500s and the late 1600s.

Who is known as the "father of modern science"?

Galileo Galilei.

What did Nicolaus Copernicus propose?

The heliocentric theory—that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun

What is the geocentric theory?

The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe (Ptolemy’s model).

Who developed the laws of planetary motion?

Johannes Kepler.

What did Galileo Galilei invent or improve?

The telescope and methods for systematic observation.

Who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation?

Isaac Newton.

What is the significance of Newton’s Principia Mathematica?

It explained the laws of motion and gravity, laying the foundation for classical mechanics.

Who is known for developing the scientific method?

Francis Bacon and René Descartes.

What is the scientific method?

A systematic process of observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion.

Who made major contributions to anatomy and medicine during this period?

Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey.

What was Andreas Vesalius known for?

Writing De humani corporis fabrica, a detailed study of human anatomy.

What did William Harvey discover?

The circulation of blood.

How did the Scientific Revolution change views on knowledge?

It emphasized observation and experimentation over religious or traditional beliefs.

What was the reaction of the Church to the Scientific Revolution?

Often hostile, as many findings challenged religious teachings.

Name a key figure who clashed with the Church for his scientific views.

Galileo Galilei.