Unit 3 - Communicable Diseases

immunizations

•written and informed consent

•Assess for allergies, including baker's yeast, eggs, and neomycin

•Live-virus vaccines contraindicated if immunocompromised or pregnant

•Mild illness/infection--OK to give vaccines; serious infection, high fever, WAIT and RESCHEDULE

Pertussis

whooping cough

-an acute respiratory tract infection caused by B. pertussis that primarily occurs in children under 4

-lasts 4-6 weeks

-contracted by direct/droplet contact

pertussis s/s

-persistent cough

-nasal congestion

-runny nose

-sneezing

-fatigue

-fever

-vomiting

-apnea

pertussis tx

erythromycin

Vericella

chicken pox

-viral infection characterized by skin lesions (start on trunk & spread to face & extremities)

-direct/droplet spread

varicella s/s

-rash

-fever

-headache

-sore throat

-stomachache

-oral sores

*Must wait for all lesions to "crust" over before going back into public

varicella tx

-antiviral (Zovirax)

-antihistamines

-skin care to prevent secondary infection

rubella

German measles

-Red maculopapular rash starts on face and then spreads-usually gone within 3 days

-droplet/direct contact

rubella s/s

-low grade fever

-headache

-malaise

-anorexia

-mild conjunctivitis

-conyza

-sore throat

-lymphadenopathy

rubella tx

-droplet precautions

-antipyretics/analgesics

-monitor rubella titer in pregnant women

rubeola

measles

-highly contagious viral disease

-direct/droplet contact

rubeola s/s

-fever

-URI symptoms

-photophobia

-koplik spots on buccal mucosa

-rash that starts on the face & moves down the body

rubeola tx

-immunization

-bed rest

-antipyretics

-vit A for children w/ acute illness

-ABX

roseola

6th disease

-viral illness

roseola s/s

-Persistent high fever (103-105 degrees F) is present, then drops rapidly as the rash appears. The maculopapular rash is nonpruritic and blanches easily

-contagious until rash disappears

roseola tx

-antipyretics for fever

-watch for febrile seizures

mumps

contagious, develops from a virus

-painful swelling in salivary glands

-direct/droplet contact

mumps s/s

-fever

-headaches

-glands near the ears & toward the jawline ache & develop painful swelling

-parotid gland enlarged

*contagious until swelling subsides

mumps tx

-MMR vaccine

-let it run its course

-ice/heat to relieve swelling

-increase fluid intake

flu

a contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses.

-It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.

-The flu is different from a cold: sudden symptoms

flu s/s

-Fever (usually high)

-Headache

-Extreme tiredness

-Dry cough

-Sore throat

-Runny or stuffy nose

-Muscle aches

-NVD

flu tx

-antipyretics

-fluids

-antivirals

fifth disease

slapped cheek disease

-viral illness caused by Parovirus B19

*most common 5-15 yrs

fifth disease s/s

-bright red rash on cheek

-can be itchy

-can worsen when warm or in the sun

fifth disease tx

symptom management w/ antipyretics

no records of immunizations

-reimmunize

-serum testing

nursing care

•Isolate

•Medications

-Reduce fever (non-aspirin medications)

-diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl) for itching

•Prevent scratching of skin

•Must report each case to health department

•WASH THOSE HANDS!!!