STUDY GUIDE UNIT 8/9 - Circulatory System & Respiratory System

Atria

The receiving chambers of the heart

Ventricles

The pumping chambers of the heart

Valves

Gates between heart chambers that prevent the backflow of blood

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

Capillaries

Small vessels where gas exchange occurs between blood and cells

Red Blood Cells

Cells containing hemoglobin that transport oxygen

White Blood Cells

Part of the immune system; these help fight infections

Platelets

Cell fragments that help with blood clotting

Plasma

The liquid portion of blood containing nutrients and hormones

Systole vs. Diastole

Systole: Contraction of heart muscle

Diastole: Relaxation of heart muscle

Pulse

The rhythmic expansion of an artery caused by each heartbeat

Nose

The main air entrance that filters, warms, and moistens air

Pharynx

Passageway for air from the nose/mouth to the larynx

Larynx

The "voice box" that produces sound and allows air into the trachea

Trachea

The main airway tube leading toward the lungs

Bronchi vs. Bronchioles

Bronchi: Two large tubes branching off the trachea

Bronchioles: Smaller passages inside the lungs leading to alveoli

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs

Diaphragm

The muscle beneath the lungs that controls breathing

Gas Exchange

The process of moving O2​ into the blood and CO2​ out

The "How" of Gas Exchange

Gases move from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Heart Sounds?

It makes a Lub, Dub sound

Where is gas exchange occurring?

It occurs in the capillaries of the circulatory system and the alveoli of the respiratory system

Vital Signs and Blood Pressure (hypotension, hypertension)

Blood pressure measures the force of blood pushing against artery walls. Hypertension is high blood pressure, while hypotension is low blood pressure