PHR 923 Block 1

Which of the following best defines motivational interviewing?

A) A directive method of counseling to enforce patient behavior change

B) A person-centered approach to exploring and resolving ambivalence

C) A technique that prioritizes the provider's perspective over the patient's

D) A method focused on prescribing strict behavior modifications

B) A person-centered approach to exploring and resolving ambivalence

In the OARS technique, which component helps a patient recognize their strengths?

A) Open-ended questions

B) Affirmations

C) Reflections

D) Summarizing

B) Affirmations

A patient states, "I know I should exercise more, but I just don't have time." Which motivational interviewing strategy would best address this ambivalence?

A) Telling the patient to make time for exercise

B) Reflecting on their statement to acknowledge the challenge

C) Providing strict exercise recommendations

D) Emphasizing their failure to prioritize health

B) Reflecting on their statement to acknowledge the challenge

Which of the following is NOT a stage of change in behavior modification?

A) Contemplation

B) Preparation

C) Intervention

D) Maintenance

C) Intervention

When using a 0-10 scale in motivational interviewing, what does a ranking of 10 indicate?

A) No confidence in making a change

B) Maximum confidence in making a change

C) Uncertainty about making a change

D) Readiness for professional intervention

B) Maximum confidence in making a change

Which of the following is NOT a health benefit of physical activity?

A) Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease

B) Decreased insulin sensitivity

C) Improved cognition

D) Lower risk of falls

B) Decreased insulin sensitivity

The recommended minimum amount of moderate-intensity aerobic activity for adults per week is:

A) 60 minutes

B) 100 minutes

C) 150 minutes

D) 250 minutes

C) 150 minutes

Which type of exercise is primarily responsible for improving bone density?

A) Swimming

B) Cycling

C) Jumping rope

D) Yoga

C) Jumping rope

Pregnant women should engage in how many minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week?

A) 75 minutes

B) 100 minutes

C) 150 minutes

D) 300 minutes

C) 150 minutes

What additional component should older adults incorporate into their physical activity routine?

A) Balance training

B) Only light walking

C) High-intensity interval training

D) Prolonged fasting

A) Balance training

What is the BMI classification for an individual with a BMI of 32.5?

A) Normal weight

B) Overweight

C) Obesity Class I

D) Obesity Class II

C) Obesity Class I

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by which of the following components?

A) Low blood pressure

B) High HDL cholesterol

C) Abdominal obesity

D) Low triglycerides

C) Abdominal obesity

The estimated caloric deficit required for a weight loss of 1 lb per week is:

A) 250 kcal/day

B) 500 kcal/day

C) 750 kcal/day

D) 1000 kcal/day

B) 500 kcal/day

Which pharmacologic intervention is typically considered in weight management for patients with a BMI ≥30?

A) NSAIDs

B) GLP-1 receptor agonists

C) Beta-blockers

D) Proton pump inhibitors

B) GLP-1 receptor agonists

What is the primary goal of behavior modification in weight management?A) Rapid weight loss

B) Lifestyle changes for long-term weight control

C) Immediate pharmacological intervention

D) Elimination of all carbohydrates

B) Lifestyle changes for long-term weight control

Which of the following is the recommended daily sodium intake for general health maintenance?

A) <1000 mg

B) <1500 mg

C) <2300 mg

D) <3000 mg

C) <2300 mg

What percentage of total daily calories should come from added sugars?

A) <5%

B) <10%

C) <20%

D) <25%

B) <10%

The Mediterranean diet emphasizes which of the following as its primary protein source?

A) Red meat

B) Poultry

C) Fish and seafood

D) Dairy products

C) Fish and seafood

The DASH diet is specifically designed to help manage:

A) Type 2 diabetes

B) Hypertension

C) Obesity

D) Osteoporosis

B) Hypertension

Which food group should make up at least 50% of grain intake?

A) Processed grains

B) Whole grains

C) Refined sugars

D) Saturated fats

B) Whole grains

A 45-year-old patient with a BMI of 29.5 asks for weight loss recommendations. What is the best initial approach?

A) Recommend bariatric surgery

B) Encourage lifestyle modifications with increased physical activity

C) Prescribe weight loss medication immediately

D) Suggest skipping meals

B) Encourage lifestyle modifications with increased physical activity

A patient with metabolic syndrome presents with hypertension and hyperglycemia. Which diet plan would be most appropriate?

A) High-fat keto diet

B) DASH diet

C) Carnivore diet

D) Juice cleanse

B) DASH diet

A pregnant patient asks if she can continue vigorous exercise. Your response should be:

A) No, all high-intensity exercise should be avoided

B) Yes, if she was habitually engaged in moderate-vigorous exercise pre-pregnancy

C) Only light walking is allowed

D) All exercise should stop during pregnancy

B) Yes, if she was habitually engaged in moderate-vigorous exercise pre-pregnancy

A 60-year-old patient wants to maintain muscle mass. Which recommendation is most appropriate?

A) Focus solely on aerobic exercises

B) Engage in muscle-strengthening activities at least twice a week

C) Avoid weightlifting to prevent injury

D) Stretching alone is sufficient

B) Engage in muscle-strengthening activities at least twice a week

A patient with a sedentary lifestyle wants to improve cardiovascular health. Which of the following is the best recommendation?

A) At least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity 5 days per week

B) Only engage in physical activity if symptoms develop

C) Avoid resistance training

D) Reduce physical activity until seeing a specialist

A) At least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity 5 days per week

What is the primary benefit of using motivational interviewing in patient counseling?

A) To give strict instructions for behavior change

B) To increase patient motivation by exploring their own reasons for change

C) To enforce medical recommendations

D) To reduce patient autonomy

B) To increase patient motivation by exploring their own reasons for change

Which of the following dietary components should be minimized for cardiovascular health?

A) Unsaturated fats

B) Saturated fats

C) Fiber

D) Lean proteins

B) Saturated fats

A patient is interested in increasing physical activity but has joint pain. Which activity would be most appropriate?

A) High-impact running

B) Weightlifting only

C) Swimming or water aerobics

D) Avoiding physical activity altogether

C) Swimming or water aerobics

What is the primary reason for summarizing a patient's statements during motivational interviewing?

A) To judge the patient's responses

B) To reinforce ambivalence

C) To reflect and validate their concerns and goals

D) To redirect the conversation away from their concerns

C) To reflect and validate their concerns and goals

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with metabolic syndrome?

A) Blood pressure of ≥ 130 mmHg systolic or ≥ 85 mmHg diastolic

B) Waist circumference >40 inches in men or >35 inches in women

C) Fasting serum glucose of ≥ 120 mg/dL

D) Serum triglycerides of ≥ 150 mg/dL

C) Fasting serum glucose of ≥ 120 mg/dL

Nonprescription orlistat is indicated for use in patients with:

A. Waist circumference > 40 inches in men or > 35 inches in women

B. BMI > 27kg/m2 with comorbidities

C. BMI >25 kg/m2 (with no comorbidities)

D. BMI >30 kg/m2 (with no comorbidities)

C. BMI >25 kg/m2 (with no comorbidities)

JC's primary activity is brisk walking back and forth to school from her apartment (~20 mins each way), M-F. Her exercise total for the week:

A. Meets the weekly recommended guidelines

B. Exceeds the weekly recommended guidelines

C. Is less than the weekly recommended guidelines

A. Meets the weekly recommended guidelines

Which of the following is an expected effect of physical activity?

A. increase blood pressure

B. increased LDL cholesterol

C. Increased risk of dementia

D. Improved insulin sensitivity

D. Improved insulin sensitivity

Which of the following is an appropriate counseling point with orlistat?

A. May cause loose stools, fatty stools, and flatulence

B. May alter the absorption of B-complex vitamins

C. May cause constipation

D. May be safely used in pregnancy

A. May cause loose stools, fatty stools, and flatulence

BMI is an imperfect indicator of obesity because it does not consider:

A. nutrition

B. fitness

C. body fat distribution

D. Lean muscle mass

E. none of the above are considered in BMI

E. none of the above are considered in BMI

Appropriate counseling points for orlistat include all of the following except:

A. decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

B. May delay development of type 2 diabetes

C. Approximate 10-15 pounds weight loss over 6 months

D. possible increased anticoagulation with warfarin

C. Approximate 10-15 pounds weight loss over 6 months

Which of the following concepts should be stressed when beginning an activity program?

A. Intensity and duration should be gradually be increased

B. Begin with weight bearing exercise to accelerate the increase in lean body mass

C. 20 minutes of vigorous exercise 2 days a week is sufficient to meet recommendations

D. The intensity of exercise is more important that the duration

A. Intensity and duration should be gradually be increased

Which of the following is NOT an immediate benefit of physical activity?

A. improved insulin sensitivity

B. reduced anxiety

C. reduced blood sugar

D. improved renal function

D. improved renal function

According to Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-25, which of the following items meet the recommendations?

A. sodium should be decreased to less than 1000mg/day

B. polyunsaturated fats should be reduced to less than 10% of the daily diet

C. Should eat at least 4 ounces of seafood a week

D. refined grains should be reduced to less than 50% of all grains consumed

D. refined grains should be reduced to less than 50% of all grains consumed

The glycemic index ranks foods by:

A. ability to raise cholesterol levels after eating

B. fat content

C. fruit and vegetable content

D. ability to raise blood sugar after eating

D. ability to raise blood sugar after eating

According to the 2020-25 Dietary Guidelines, adults should increase all of the following items except:

A. fish and shellfish

B. dietary fiber

C. fruits and vegetables

D. low-fat or fat-free dairy products

E. Fructose as a replacement for refined sugar

E. Fructose as a replacement for refined sugar

Which sugar substitute contains phenylalanine and should not be used in patients with phenylketonuria?

A. stevia

B. aspartame

C. xylitol

D. sorbitol

B. aspartame

Which sugar substitute may be used in cooking?

A. sucralose

B. xylitol

C. aspartame

D. fructose

A. sucralose