Cell structure 1

Cell theory

dictates that all living things are composed of cells, and all cells arise from other cells

Prokaryotic

prokaryotic cell

Cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Found in bacteria and archaea. Smaller and simpler compared to eukaryotic cells. one circular piece of DNA

eukaryotic cells

Cells that have a true nucleus enclosed by a membrane. More complex than prokaryotic cells and can be found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. Contains various organelles that perform specific functions, allowing for specialized cellular processes.

Nucleus

Central organelle in eukaryotic cells containing genetic material as DNA (wrapped in heads of histones) and controls the cell's activities.

nucleolus

Structure inside the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomal units that are compromised of rRNA and ribosomal proteins.

Rough ER

Organelle studded with ribosomes. Proteins for transport are translated and sent back to cisternae. Synthesis of proteins and lipids that become part of ER.

Smooth ER

Not studded with ribosomes. Synthesis of Lipids, phospholipids and steroids, detoxifies poisons and drugs in liver cells, glycogen metabolism, store calcium from muscle contractions

Golgi Apparatus

A cellular organelle responsible for packaging and modifying proteins, lipids, and other molecules. It consists of a stack of flattened sacs called cisternae.

lysosome

digestive enzyme that engulfs damaged cellular component when needed. Functions: Intracellular digestion, Autolysis, Apoptosis

Vacuole

Organelle found in plant and fungal cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. It helps maintain cell shape and turgor pressure.