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Judicial Power
vested in one Supreme Court and lower courts
settle actual controversies + grave abuse of discretion
Judicial Review
test validity of acts against the Constitution
Requisites for Judicial Review
actual case or controversy
locus standing
raised at the earliest opportunity
lis motto of the case
Organization of Courts
Regular Courts – General in application (MeTC, MTC, RTC, Court of Appeals)
Special Courts – Limited cases (Shari’a, Sandiganbayan, Court of Tax Appeals)
Quasi-Judicial Agencies – not part of integrated judicial system
Fiscal Autonomy
appropriations may not be reduced below previous year
Supreme Court
Chief Justice + 14 Associate Justices
sits en banc or in divisions
vacancy filled within 90 days
Powers of the Supreme Court
original jurisdiction (certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, habeas corpus)
appellate jurisdiction
promulgate rules of procedure
appoint all judiciary officials
Period for Deciding Cases
Supreme Court: 24 months
Lower Collegiate Courts: 12 months
Other Lower Courts: 3 months