Unit 4- Burnett Biology

Burnett Biology

Metaphase

life cycle of a cell; 2 parts are interphase and mitosis

Interphase

G1

first phase when cell grows

S

phase when cell's DNA replicates

G2

second phase when cell grows, prepares to divide

Mitosis

cell division in body cells. creates 2 identical diploid cells (1 division, 1 PMAT) 46—>46 + 46

Prophase

part of mitosis when cell PREPARES to divide. chromosomes form and nucleus breaks down

Metaphase

part of mitosis when chromosomes line up along MIDDLE of the cell

Anaphase

part of mitosis when chromosomes come APART

Telophase

part of mitosis when TWO separate nuclei form

Cytokinesis

cell membrane pinches and 2 cells officially split

Centrioles

organelles that create spindle fibers during cell division, usually only in animal cells

metaphase

What phase is shown here?

anaphase

What phase is shown here?

prophase

What phase is shown here?

telophase

What phase is shown here?

interphase

What phase is shown here?

Meiosis

cell division in sex cells, creates 4 different haploid gametes (2 divisions, 2 PMAT) 46 —> 23 + 23 + 23 + 23

Gametes

sex cells; sperm and egg

Sperm

male sex cell

Egg

female sex cell

Crossing over

when chromosomes switch DNA during meiosis; makes new combinations

Independent Assortment

homologous chromosomes line up independently of each other during Metaphase I of Meiosis, so the combination of chromosomes each cell ends up with is random

Somatic Cell

Body cell

Diploid Cell

two sets of chromosomes (2n), body cells

Haploid Cell

one set of chromosomes (n), sex cells

Reproduction

making offspring

Fertilization

when a sperm and egg cell join together to form a zygote

Zygote

the cell formed from a sperm and an egg; 1st cell of the developing offspring

Embryo

unborn offspring