Overview of Cell Theory and Cell Structures

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells.

Plasma Membrane

Boundary of the cell; selectively permeable, made of phospholipids.

Prokaryotes

organism who has cells with No nucleus; DNA in nucleoid region.

Eukaryotes

organism with cells that Contain a nucleus and many organelles.

Plant Cells

cell type that contains chloroplasts, cell wall, and central vacuole.

Animal Cells

cells with No chloroplasts; irregular shape, eukaryotic.

Organelle

Membrane-enclosed compartment or structure within a cell that has a specialized function.

Nuclear Envelope

Two membranes surrounding the nucleus.

Nucleus

Contains most of the cell's DNA.

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes within the nucleus.

Cytoplasm

Fluid portion outside the nucleus.

Mitochondrion

organelle that converts glucose into ATP, energy currency.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Network for protein and lipid synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies and packages proteins for export.

Lysosome

Digestive organelle for breaking down materials.

Ribosome

Synthesizes proteins from genetic code.

Vacuole

Stores materials like water and nutrients.

Central Vacuole

Maintains pressure and stores chemicals in plants.

Contractile Vacuole

Pumps excess water out of a paramecium.

Cell Wall

Provides support and protection in plant cells.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis in plants and algae.

Cytoskeleton

Network of filaments for cell shape and movement.

Microfilaments

Threadlike structures made of actin protein.

Microtubules

Hollow tubes made of tubulin proteins.

Centriole

Organizes the poles and spindle apparatus during cell division; made of microtubules; not found in plants.

Cilia

Short projections for movement and sweeping stuff accross the cell's surface.

Flagella

Long tail-like projections enabling cell movement.

Pseudopod

Temporary cytoplasmic projection for movement.

Extracellular Matrix

the material outside of cells; Connects cells;

Endosymbiotic Theory

theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes.