BJU World History Chapter 16 5th ed

John Winthrop

Who was the leader of the Puritan settlers in America?

Mayflower Compact

What established the civil authority for the Plymouth Colony?

Clergy

Which group did not belong to the Third Estate in France?

Battles of Lexington then Concord

Which event came first? Lexington or Concord

Federalism

What term refers to the division of power between national and state governments?

1787

In what year was the Constitution adopted by the states?

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Which French document lists the national rights of all people?

Horatio Nelson

Who led the British at the Battle of Trafalgar?

Virginia

Where had the Pilgrims been granted permission to settle?

Code Napoleon

What was Napoleon’s most famous and enduring accomplishment?

Quebec Act

Which Parliamentary act extended special privileges to a former French territory?

Consulate

What was the name of the government Napoleon established after the Directory?

Storming of the Bastille

Which event symbolized the downfall of the Old Regime?

Russia

What country practiced a scorched-earth policy?

Great Britain

Which country was the Continental System designed to harm?

Committee of Public Safety

What government entity directed the Reign of Terror?

“Little wars”

What does guerrillas literally mean?

Alexander I

Who was the czar of Russia?

Louis XVI

Who was the king of France during the French Revolution?

Duke of Wellington

Who was the victorious general at Waterloo?

Pilgrims

English Separatists who sailed to North America and founded Plymouth Colony in 1620.

Mayflower Compact

A 1620 agreement for self-government signed aboard the ship before the settlers came ashore at Plymouth.

George III

King of Great Britain during the American Revolution.

Declaration of Independence

Document adopted July 4, 1776 in which the Continental Congress declared the colonies independent from Great Britain.

George Washington

Commander in chief of the Continental Army and later the first president of the United States.

Treaty of Paris

Agreement signed September 3, 1783 that ended the American Revolution and recognized United States independence.

federalism

A system that divides power between a national government and state governments.

popular sovereignty

The idea that government authority comes from the consent of the people.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, added to protect individual liberties.

Old Regime

France’s pre-1789 social and political order marked by monarchy, privileged classes, and unequal taxation.

First Estate

The clergy in France’s traditional three-estate system.

Second Estate

The nobility in France’s traditional three-estate system.

Third Estate

Everyone outside the clergy and nobility in France, including peasants, workers, and the middle class.

Louis XVI

French king during the early French Revolution who was executed in 1793.

cahiers

Written lists of grievances prepared in 1789 for delegates to take to the Estates-General.

Tennis Court Oath

A June 1789 pledge by representatives of the Third Estate to keep meeting until France had a written constitution.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A 1789 statement of natural rights and equality before the law adopted early in the French Revolution.

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A 1790 law that put the French church under state control and required clergy to swear loyalty to the new order.

Jacobins

Members of a revolutionary political club known for radical policies during the French Revolution.

Jean-Paul Marat

Radical revolutionary journalist and leader who was assassinated in 1793.

George-Jacques Danton

Powerful revolutionary speaker who helped overthrow the monarchy and was executed in 1794.

Maximilien de Robespierre

Leading revolutionary who guided the Terror through the Committee of Public Safety and was executed in 1794.

Brunswick Manifesto

A July 1792 proclamation by an invading commander threatening harsh punishment if the French royal family were harmed, which inflamed unrest in Paris.

Committee of Public Safety

Revolutionary governing body that directed France’s wartime efforts and the Terror in 1793–1794.

levée en masse

A 1793 policy of mass conscription that required large numbers of citizens to serve in the army for national defense.

coalition

A temporary alliance formed for a shared goal, especially groups of European powers united against revolutionary France.

Directory

Five-man executive government that ruled France from 1795 to 1799.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French general who took power in 1799, became emperor in 1804, and led major wars across Europe until 1815.

Lord Nelson

British naval commander who won decisive victories, including Trafalgar (1805), where he was killed.

coup d'état

A sudden, usually illegal seizure of government power.

Code Napoleon

The 1804 French civil law code that standardized private law and influenced legal systems far beyond France.

Continental System

A Europe-wide trade embargo launched by the French empire to weaken Great Britain by cutting off commerce.

guerrillas

Irregular fighters who use raids and ambushes; the Spanish root word means “little war.”

scorched-earth policy

A military strategy of destroying supplies and resources so an invading army cannot use them.

Duke of Wellington

British commander who led allied forces to victory at Waterloo in 1815.