Japanese basic particles

は (wa)

topic marker

が (ga)

subject marker

を (wo/o)

direct object marker

に (ni)

Direction/time/target of action

へ (e)

Direction marker (movement toward)

で (de)

Location of action / tool used

と (to)

“With” / “and”

の (no)

Possessive (“’s” / of)

も (mo)

“Also” / “too”

から (kara)

“From” / cause or reason

まで (made)

“Until” / “to” (time/place endpoint)

や (ya)

“And” (incomplete list)

か (ka)

Question marker

ね (ne)

Seeking agreement / softener

よ (yo)

Giving new info / emphasis