Phys Sci Foundations

Authority

An accepted source of expert information or advice

Intuition

The act or faculty of knowing or sensing without the use of rational processes;it involves immediate cognition

Reason

The capacity for logical, rational and analytical thought- intelligence

Sensory data

knowledge obtained through the senses

Hypothesis

a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation

Theory

A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomenon, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomenon

Law

a well-tested theory, so firm as to be unquestioned by science

Model

A schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics

existence

the fact or state of having actual or real being

Causality

cause must always proceed the effect

Position Symmetry

The laws of the universe are not different at different locations

Time symmetry

The laws of the universe do not change with time

principle of non-contradiction

of two contradictory propositions, both cannot be true

Occam’s razor

the rule that where two or more explanations exist for the same physical phenomenon, we should choose the simplest one that satisfies all of the observations

Interaction

Any of four fundamental ways in which elementary particles and bodies can influence each other

force

a push or pull on an object

Strong nuclear pull

The interaction between nucleons that gives rise to the strong force

Electromagnetic interaction

the interaction between charged objects that gives rise to the electromagnetic force

Weak nuclear interaction

The interaction between nucleons that gives rise to the weak force

Gravity

interaction between anything with mass that gives rise to the gravitational force

Atomic nuclei

the positivity charged central region of an atom composed of protons and neutrons

Proton

a positively charged particle in atomic nnuclei made up of three quarks

neutron

an uncharged particle in atomic nuclei made up of three quarks

nucleon

a generic name for either a proton or a neutron

quark

basic building block of protons and neutrons

radioactive

a term referring to atoms whose nuclei can spontaneously change under the influence of the weak nuclear force

electron

elementary particle in atoms having a negative charge. located outside atomic nuclei

Atom

fundamental unit of an element

element

substance composed entirely of atoms having the same number of protons in their nuclei

molecules

tiniest particles of a substance that retain all the physical properties of that substnce. Usually made up of more than one atom

solar system

The sun and all the planets’ comets asteroids, and other bodies that orbit around it under the pull of gravity