Intro to Anthropology 101L Primate Skeletal and Dentition Flashcards

What is the IMI indicator for a brachiator?

Any # above 110

What is the IMI indicator for a quadraped?

Any # between 90-110

What is the IMI indicator for a Biped?

Any number below 90

How is the spine of a human, monkey, and ape shaped?

S-Shaped

Gradual Curve

Straight Line

What are the most notable morphological differences between the human and monkey scapula?

Acromion Process & Coracoid Process are highly reduced in monkey scap while pronounced in human.

Monkey spine completely bisects scap while human is more posterior and superior.

Human has bigger yet shallow glenoid fossa while monkey has smaller but more pronounced GF

What is most notable about the proportion of the thumb relative to other fingers in Gorilla & Human species

Thumb of human & ape are quite similar

Thumb of a human is relatively proportional to other fingers

What morphological similarities can be noted between Gorilla and Human hands

Both have opposable thumbs and same amt of fingers

Both have similar bone structures

What morphological differences can be noted between Gorilla and Human hands

Ape has much more robust and distal knuckle

Ape has a much more long, curved, broad, and flat fingers

What are some morphological differences between the human and Gorilla foot

Ape has an opposable big toe while the human has an inline big toe

Apes have pronounced tarsals but humans have reduced tarsals

Humans have an arched foot while apes have a flat foot

Name some notable differences between human and chimpanzee os coxa

Human pelvis has wide thick illium, chimps long thin illiums

Humans have wide thick pubis chimp thin narrow pubis (faces down ventrally)

Human pelvis is 3D & bowl shaped while chimp has a narrow os coxa

Between Chimp and human, who’s illium is wider? Deeper sciatic notch?

Human os coxa has illium that is wider and has deeper sciatic notch

What are morphological differences between femur of human and gorilla

Humans have a long and lean femur while the gorilla has short and robust one

Gorillas have a shorter but heavier linea aspera whiles humans have a longer but less pronounced linea aspera

How would you determine what side of a body a standard rib is from?

Remember that the head connects to the thoracic vertebrae

And that the sharp, tapered end is meant to be inferior

What is the relative position of the foramen magnum on the monkey? Ape? Human?

Located more to rear

Located more intermediately

More centrally located

What is the size of the nuchal crest of a monkey, ape, and human?

Small

Large

Much less pronounced and visible

Where is the nuchal region generally located in monkeys, apes, and humans?

High

High

Low

Describe the general dentition of mammals and nonmammals

Generalized dentition

Specialized dentition

What do homodental and heterodental mean

Same sets/types of teeth

Different sets/types of teeth

Name the first 2 parts of the masticatory apparatus

Sagittal Crest (at top)

Nuchal Crest (on sides of sagittal crest)

Name the next 3 parts of the masticatory apparatus

Large Zygomatic Arches (attached to crests & carry muscles)

Pronounced Mandible

Simion Shelf (regressed chin)

Name the final 2 parts of the masticatory apparatus

Megadontal (large molars and premolars)

Pronounced Brow Ridge

Describe the eye position, eye orbit and Metopic suture of a prosimian

Lateral

Post Orbital Bar only

Unfused

Describe the Mandibular Symphysis, Dentition, and Brain to body size of a prosimian

Unfused

Specialized

Smaller brain to body size

Describe the Post Orbital Constriction and prognathism of a prosimian

Pronounced

Pronounced (it is the forward protrusion of nose & mouth)

Describe the eye position, eye orbit and Metopic suture of an Anthropoid

Forward facing eyes

Post orbital bar w/ closure

fused

Describe the Mandibular Symphysis, Dentition, and Brain to body size of an anthropoid

Fused

Generalized

Big brain to body size

Describe the Post Orbital Constriction and prognathism of a prosimian

Reduced

Reduced

Name the dental formula, dental arcade, cusp pattern, and special dental characteristic of a prosimian

Highly Variable

V shaped

Highly variable

tooth comb

Name the dental formula, dental arcade, cusp pattern, and special dental characteristic of a NWM

2-1-3-3

Box/slightly U-shaped (SLIGHTLY)

Bilophodont (4 ‘peaks’ on 2nd lower molars, 2 on right and left sides)

None

Name the dental formula, dental arcade, cusp pattern, and special dental characteristic of an OWM

2-1-2-3

Rectangular (top is ½ the size of sides, and has rectangular shape

Bilophodont

Lower sectorial premolar (single dominant cusp)

Name the dental formula, dental arcade, cusp pattern, and special dental characteristic of an Ape

2-1-2-3

U shaped

Y-5 Molar type

Diastema (gap between teeth for canine to rest)

Name the dental formula, dental arcade, cusp pattern, and special dental characteristic of a Human

2-1-2-3

Parabolic

Y-5 molar type

None

What are the 3 main primate cusp shapes?

Insectivore-high and narrow pointed cusps

Frugivore-rounded and thick pointed cusps

Folivore-High and pointed cusps that are slightly broad

Name three adaptive characteristics of primate vision

Stereoscopical Vision

Colored Vision

Forward Facing Eyes

Bonus: Depth Perception

Primate Dental arcades are shaped differently based on the amount of ‘what’ exhibited by each species?

Teeth

What are the main functions for the lower sectorial premolar and the diastema?

LSP allows for sharpening of canine

Diastema creates space for the rest of canine

Describe the physical appearance of a tooth comb.

The ends of the ‘comb’ grow forward, and serve as the borders for multiple thin teeth that reside incredibly closely to one another.