THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF PLANTS: FLOWERS

______________ - regarded as the most numerous and most diverse members of the Kingdom Plantae

angiosperms

one of the characteristics of angiosperms is the grouping of reproductive structures with sterile auxilliary parts into a single unit known as the ___________

flower

being a compact shoot system, a flower is primarily made up of four ___________

whorls

4 whorls of a flower starting from outermost to innermost

sepal, petal, stamen, pistil

t/f: flowers contain the same floral whorls

true

___________ serve as the seat for meiosis and fertilization - two key processes in sexual reproduction

flowers

what is the collective term for all the sepals of the flower?

calyx

what is the collective term for all the petals of the flower?

corolla

the petals may be free from one another (__________) or exhibit some degree of fusion or union (________)

polypetalous, gamopetalous

___________; free petals: ____________; fused petals

polypetalous, gamopetalous

different shapes of the corolla

• funnel-shaped

• bell-shaped

• star-shaped

true

flowers in which petals are similar in size and shape is called

regular flower

regular flowers exhibit what kind of symmetry?

radial symmetry (actinomorphic)

this kind of symmetry has more than two dividing lines that can be used to divide a flower into symmetrical halves

radial symmetry/actinomorphic

• identical image inm any plane

if one petal will be different from the other, then it is called

irregular flower

what kind of symmetry does an irregular flower have?

bilateral symmetry/ zygomorphic

a flower with __________ has only a single dividing line that produces symmetrical halves

bilateral symmetry/zygomorphic

the calyx and corolla are sterile and are collectively the _________

perianth

when sepals and petals are not well differentiated from one another and looks alike, it is called _______

tepals

__________ usually petaloid (petal-like in color) and this condition is commonly observed in monocots like lilies

tepals

the stamen is composed of a stalk called _________ and at the tip of this part is the __________ which houses the pollen grains

filament, anther

__________;stalk of a flower:_____________; houses the pollen grains

filament, anther

what is the collection of stamens called?

androecium

what is the innermost whorl?

pistil

the enlarged base is the ovary where a threadlike structure called __________ emerges

style

the tip of the style that ends in a globose, sticky structure

stigma

______________ - the landing spot of the pollen grain; part of the female reproductive organ of a flower

stigma

the ovary can be classified into two depending on its position relative to the peduncle/receptacle

• superior ovary

• inferior ovary

A ______________ is the stalk that connects a flower or inflorescence to the stem, acting as the support structure, while a ___________ is the thickened, terminal tip of that stalk where all floral parts (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels) attach.

peduncle, receptacle

when the ovary sits on top of the receptacle and the other whorls are inserted below it, what kind of ovary is this?

superior ovary

when the ovary is embedded in the receptacle and all the other floral whorls are inserted above it, what kind of ovary is this?

inferior ovary

the reduced stem axis to which all these whorls are attached is called __________

receptacle

if all 4 of the whorls (sepal, petal, stamen, pistil) are present, the flower is considered as ___________

complete flower

if one of the 4 whorls is absent, then it is called

incomplete flower

a flower with both a stamen and pistil is considered as a

perfect flower; considered as bisexual

are all perfect flowers, considered as complete flowers?

no, possible na walang petal and sepal ang perfect flower

are complete flowers, considered as perfect flowers?

yes

if a pistil is missing, is it a perfect flower? (absence of a female part)

no, its imperfect flower

• staminate (male flower)

if a stamen is missing, is it a perfect flower (absence of a male part)

no, its imperfect flower

• pistillate

perfect flowers; ______________: imperfect flowers;______________

bisexual, unisexual

if staminate and pistillate flowers are borne on separate individuals, it is called ________

dioecious (imperfect flower)

• papaya ang example nito

if pistillate and staminate is is borne on the same individual, what is it called?

monoecious

A corn has both staminate and pistillate borne on the same individual, is it monoecious or dioecious?

monoecious

Flowers that are borne in clusters are called?

inflorescence

the stalk of a solitary flower is called a ________

peduncle

if a flower is part of an inflorescence, then its stalk is called ______ and not peduncle

pedicel

flowers that do not have pedicels are considered as

sessile

types of inflorescence

• spike

• catkin

• raceme

• cyme

• panicle

• umbel

• corymb

• capitulum

• spadix

the individual sessile flowers are attached to the main axis

spike

___________ pendulous inflorescence made of sessile, unisexual flowers

catkins

In gabi family, the inflorescence is made up of a thickened fleshy axis bearing clusters of sessile flowers (_____) that are ______ and unisexual. The thickened axis is usually enclosed by a spathe that are variously colored.

spike, apetalous

________ has individual pedicellate flower attached on an elongated axis

raceme

when a raceme becomes branched, this is known as

panicle inflorescence

____________ - pedicels all arise from a common point, giving a flat-topped appearance of the whole inflorescence

umbel

_____________ - flat or round topped inflorescence formed by lateral, stalked flowers with progressively shorter stalks. outer flowers open ahaead of the inner ones

corymb

_________ - pedicels arise at different points, lower pedicel = longer than upper ones, flat topped. inner flowers open first than outer flowers

cyme inflorescence

The apparent flower is a composite of many small flowers. The _______

or ______ inflorescence characteristic of Asteraceae (sunflower family) is made up of 2

types of florets – the _____ and _____florets.

composite, head

ray, disk

_______________ - around the periphery looks like petals that serve to attract pollinators

ray floret

______________ - found in the center function in pollination and seed production

disk floret

the calyx of each floret persists and become a highly modified _______ which aids in seed dispersal

pappus

is a whorl of bracts that subtends the whole inflorescence.

involucre

The involucre and its bracts called __________ function like sepals

phyllaries