Biology Final Review

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A final review of Biology before the finial test

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143 Terms

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Protein

What type of biomolecule are enzymes?

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Amino Acids

What is the basic building block of proteins?

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Eight

An atom’s second energy level holds ___ electrons

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Cell

The basic unit of life is the ___

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Double Bonds

What type of bonds are found in unsaturated lipids?

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Eukaryotes

Cells that contain a nucleus are classified as ____

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Data

The information gathered during the experiment is called

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Heredity

The passing on of traits from parents to offspring is called _____

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Diploid

Cells containing two alleles for each trait are described as ____ cells

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Egg

The female gamete is called a(n) ____ cell

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Cytoplasm

_____ is the organelle that is gel-like and holds the other organelles

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Animal

Which type of cell has ONLY a cell membrane?

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Haploid

Cells that only contain ONE allele for each trait are called ___ cells

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Experiment

A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is called the ____

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Control

The part of the experiment in which all conditions are kept the same is called the ___

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Absorption of sunlight

What is the function of chlorophyll?

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Cell Cycle

the sequence of growth and division of a cell is called the ___

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Oxygen

In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the ETC is ____

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Two phosphate groups

Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between…

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Interphase

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

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Nitrogen bases

The pairing of ___ in DNA is the key to insuring the code

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Deoxyribose sugar

A DNA nucleotide is made of a phosphate, nitrogen base, and…

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Homologous structures

______ structures show similarities between organisms. Fro example, birds and mammals that share similar bone structures

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Ribosomes

Where in the cell does translation take place?

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Vacuole

What organelle is responsible for storage?

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Bb

Write an example of a heterozygous genotype. (using the letter B)

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Incomplete dominance

What type of inheritance shows a blending of the trait?

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Codominance

What type of inheritance expresses both traits EQUALLY?

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Multiple alleles

What type of inheritance pattern controls blood types?

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X chromosomes

Sex-linked traits are usually carried on the ____chromosome

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Meiosis

What process creates gametes?

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Gene therapy

____ is the replacement of a defective gene with a normal gene

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Karyotype

A ___ is a tool that charts chromosomes according to size, banding, and centromere location

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Human genome

The entire collection of genes within the human race is called the ____

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Vector

_____ is used to transfer DNA from one organism to another

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Carolus Linnaeus

_____ is the father of binomial nomenclature

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Taxonomy

____ is the science of grouping and naming organisms

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Turner syndrome

What human genetic disorder is caused by having only one X sex chromosome

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DNA fingerprinting

____ is a tool used to compare DNA fragments

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Down Syndrome

What genetic disorder results in the person having Trisomy 21?

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Transgenic organism

____ are organisms that contains functional recombinant DNA

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Temperature

What is an example of Abiotic Factor

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Human and tapeworm

What is an example of parasitism?

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Biotechnology

____ is the manipulation of DNA

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Make proteins

What is the function of the ribosome?

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Chloroplast

Plant cells make their food in this organelle..

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Glucose and oxygen

What are the products of photosynthesis

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Two

What is the total number of ATP molecules made during glycolysis?

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Prodcuer

Which type of organism is found at the base (start) of all food chains?

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Secondary

A flood would be an example of _____ succession.

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Darwin

Which scientist described evolution by using the theory of natural selection

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Grasslands

Where would you find the most fertile farmland?

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Sticky Ends

Restriction enzymes cut DNA strands, leaving ___ to help join the DNA with another DNA strand

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Energy Flow

What do the arrows represent in a food web?

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Punnett Square

A device used by geneticists for predicting the possible offspring of 2 individuals is a(n) ____

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2

How many X chromosomes does a normal female have

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A carrier

On a pedigree a half shaded circle represents…

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Sex-linked trait

Hemophilia and red-green colorblindness are inherited by….

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23 pairs

How many PAIRS of chromosomes are in a normal human body?

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4

How many mature egg cells are produced during meiosis?

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Cell plate

During cytokinesis, a plant cell forms a ___ between the cells

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Sugar, phosphate, and base

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

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INTERPHASE

when does DNA replication occur?

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Glycolysis

The first step of cellular respiration is _____

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Oxygen

Fermentation occurs when there is no ____ present

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Carbon Dioxide

In addition to alcohol, fermentation also produces ____

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Vacuoles

_____ are found in both plants and animals but in different sizes

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Isotonic

Osmosis does not occur in a(n) ____ situation

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Osmosis

If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by ____

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Two (2)

How many electrons can be held by an atom in the first energy level?

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Carbohydrate

Which compound contains H, C, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio?

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Lipid

Which organic molecules provides long-term energy and insulation?

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Adaptations

Living things change during their lives through ____

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Theory

Scientific explanation of know facts arrived at through repeated testing is a ____

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Unicellular

One celled

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Multicellular

Many cells with levels of organization

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Heterotrophs

Eat other organisms for food

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Autotrophs

Make their own food

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Homeostasis

regulation of body conditions

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Response to stimuli

Responding to the biotic and abiotic factors in the enviornment are key to survival

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Adaptations

Structures, behaviors, or processes that aid in an organisms survival are passed on from parent to offspring

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Carbohydrates

Composed of monosaccharides, primarily glucose

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Lipids

Composed of fatty acids joined to glycerol and sometimes phosphate groups, can also include steroids

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Proteins

Composed of amino acids - do most of the work in organisms and are major structural components

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Nuclei Acids

Composed of nucleotides, either DNA or RNA

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Enzymes

Proteins that function to speed up chemical reactions in the cell. They have a specific shape and interact with specific substrate which binds at the active side

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Ecology

The study of interactions between organisms and the environment

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Population Growth

Limited by factors like disease and competition that are density dependent or by density independent factors like natural disaster

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Cell Theory

  1. Cells are basic unit of life

  2. Cells come from existing cells

  3. All organisms are composed of cells

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Prokaryotic

  1. Simple

  2. Has no nucleus

  3. Has no MB organelles

  4. Includes bacteria

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Eukaryotic

  1. Complex

  2. Has a MB nucleus

  3. Has MB organelles

  4. Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

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Organelles

Compartments for carrying out specific jobs/chemical reactions

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Chloroplast

Absorbs light energy, and converts it into chemical energy during photosynthesis

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Mitochondria

Generates energy necessary to power cells

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Ribosomes

Responsible for protein synthesis, translating the genetic code from mRNA ito a specific sequence of amino acids

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Vacuoles

Storage, waste, management, and structural support

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Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls cell actions

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Nucleolus

Site of ribosome formation

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Golgi Apparatus

processing, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids

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Lysosomes

The digestive system of the cell