zoo lab 4 (phylum platyhelminthes + minor lophotrochozoa)

platyhelminthes and lophotrochozoa are both ____ (in relation to tissue layers)

triploblastic

3 body plans for triploblasts

acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate

acoelomate

no body cavity/coelom, all layers touch

pseudocoelomate

coelom lined by mesoderm on one side and endoderm on the other

coelomate

true coelom entirely lined by mesoderm

what type of coelomates are platyhelminthes?

acoelomates

what type of symmetry do platyhelminthes have?

bilateral

platyhelminthes are ____-_____ flattened

dorsal-ventrally

what does platyhelminthes translate to?

flat worms

platyhelminthes are ___ecious

mono

monoecious

both male and female gonads in one organism

how many openings do platyhelminthes’ gastrovascular cavity have?

1

platyhelminthes have rudimentary excretory systems with ___ cells

flame

what type of wastes do platyhelminthes’ excretory system deal with?

nitrogenous

cephalization

nerves and sensory organs at anterior end

what brain-like structures are present in platyhelminthes?

cerebral ganglia

both ___-____ and _____ species of platyhelminthes exist

free-living, parasitic

phylum platyhelminthes is divided into these 3 classes

turbellaria, trematoda, cestoda

dugesia classification (phylum, class, genus)

phylum platyhelminthes, class turbellaria, genus dugesia

turbellaria are free-living in ___ or ___ environments

aquatic, moist

turbellaria are _____ (in terms of diet)

carnivores

turbellaria have ___ epidermis

ciliated

turbellaria have a ____ that acts like a trunk

pharynx

what do eyespots do for turbellaria?

detect light

what organ/body part is attached to a turbellaria pharynx?

mouth

what is the cavity inside turbellaria used for? (not a real coelom!)

pharynx storage

diverticulum definition and function (found in turbellaria)

sacs branching from gut used for digestion and nutrient transport

what do auricles do for turbellaria?

sense chemicals

what is another term/common name for trematoda?

flukes

both classes trematoda and cestoda are…

endoparasitic

how many suckers do trematoda have?

2 (oral, ventral)

what do trematoda guts look like?

2-pronged

term for 2-pronged

bifurcated

trematoda have a “living tegument”. what does this mean?

skin is like a continuous cell, can absorb nutrients

trematoda have a complex life cycle with ____ hosts

multiple

parasites sexually reproduce in this type of host

definitive

parasites develop, but do not reproduce in this type of host

intermediate

common name for clonorchis sinensis

human liver fluke

common name for fasciola hepatica

sheep liver fluke

fasciola hepatica intermediate host

snail

fasciola hepatica definitive host

sheep

clonorchis sinensis definitive host

human

clonorchis sinensis intermediate hosts (2)

snail, fish

human liver fluke classification (phylum, class, genus)

phylum platyhelminthes, class trematoda, genus clonorchis

sheep liver fluke classification (phylum, class, genus, species)

phylum platyhelminthes, class trematoda, genus fasciola, species hepatica

functions of oral sucker in trematoda

attachment, feeding

function of ventral sucker in trematoda

attachment

another term/common name for cestoda

tapeworms

taenia classification (phylum, class, genus)

phylum platyhelminthes, class cestoda, genus taenia

what is the head of a tapeworm called?

scolex

what 2 structures are often attached to the scolex?

hooks, suckers

function of suckers for cestoda

attachment

do tapeworms have a mouth or gastrovascular cavity?

no

how do tapeworms absorb nutrients?

through epidermis

what protective layer do tapeworms have that protect them from being digested?

cuticle

tapeworms have a complex lifecycle with __ or more hosts

2

proglottids

tapeworm body segments containing reproductive organs

are proglottids considered true segments?

no

what is a chain of proglottids called?

strobila

key feature of immature proglottid

immature reproductive organs

key feature of mature proglottid

functional reproductive organs

gravid proglottid description

filled with fertilized eggs

phyla rotifera, acanthocephala, bryozoa, and brachiopoda can all be described as “minor ____”

lophotrochozoa

rotifer classification (phylum, genus)

phylum rotifera, genus philodina

are most minor lophotrochozoans monoecious or dioecious?

dioecious

dioecious definition

has one set of male or female gonads

2 structures unique to rotifers

mastax, corona

rotifers have a ____ digestive tract

complete

mastax description and function

jaw-like, used for chewing

corona description and function

ciliated, used for feeding

what type of coelomates are rotifers?

pseudocoelomates

common name for organisms in phylum acanthocephala

spiny-headed worms

acanthocephalans are also ____parasites

endo

do acanthocephalans have a digestive tract or sensory organs?

no

what type of coelomates are acanthocephalans?

pseudocoelomates

1 structure unique to acanthocephalans

barbed proboscis

proboscis function

attachment

plumatella classification (phylum, genus)

phylum bryozoa, genus plumatella

what do plumatella look similar to?

obelia

important feature of plumatella

lophophore

what is a lophophore?

ring of ciliated tentacles around mouth

plumatella are considered colonial ____

zooids

what type of coelomates are plumatella?

coelomates

what type of coelomates are lingula?

coelomates

lingula classification (phylum, genus)

phylum brachiopoda, genus lingula

what do brachiopods look like?

clams

brachiopods have 2 shells that are ___-_____ located

dorsally-ventrally

technical term for brachiopod shells

valves

what is a pedicle? (brachiopods have this)

stalk-like organ

flame cells are like rudimentary ___

kidneys

egestion

getting rid of undigested food waste

excretion

getting rid of nitrogenous metabolic waste

trematode redia

first larval stage, pod shaped

trematode cercaria

free-swimming second larval stage, tadpole shaped

which host are cercaria usually found in?

intermediate

which host are redia usually found in?

intermediate

which host are adult parasites usually found in?

definitive

rotifers and spiny-headed worms have a ___ skeleton

hydrostatic

lophophore functions (2)

prey capture, gas exchange

zooid definition

individuals that make up a bryozoan colony