Political Culture and Governance in Texas

Flashcards covering key concepts related to Texas Political Culture, Political Parties, Elections, Constitutions, Legislature, Executive and Bureaucracy.

Political Culture

The set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments that shape the political behavior and opinions of individuals in Texas.

Public Opinion

The collective preferences and attitudes of Texas residents regarding political issues, policies, and leaders.

Role of Ordinary Citizens

Most Texans believe ordinary citizens should actively participate in politics, influencing decisions and policies.

Types of Political Participation

Includes voting, campaigning, joining political parties, attending town hall meetings, and engaging in public demonstrations.

Demographics of Texas Population

Texas has a diverse population that includes various ethnicities, age groups, and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Population Growth in Texas

Texas has experienced significant population growth, contributing to its economic and political dynamics.

Political Parties in Texas

The two main political parties in Texas are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party, with the Republican Party currently dominating.

Dominant Political Party in Texas

The Republican Party has been dominant in Texas since the 1980s.

Factors for Party Dominance

Conservative ideology, demographic changes, and electoral strategies contribute to the continued dominance of the Republican Party.

Minor Parties in Texas

Minor parties exist but have historically faced challenges in gaining significant political power.

Interest Groups

Organizations that advocate for specific interests and influence public policy and legislation.

Impact of Interest Groups

Interest groups can significantly affect the process of constitutional amendments and legislation.

Voting Eligibility in Texas

Citizens must be at least 18 years old, a resident of Texas, and a U.S. citizen to vote.

Primary System in Texas

Texas uses an open primary system, allowing registered voters to vote in any party's primary.

Control of Voting and Elections

The Texas Secretary of State oversees voting and elections in the state.

Federalism

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units; exemplified by the distribution of authority among federal, state, and local governments.

1836 Constitution Problems

Issues including lack of strong governance and absence of a balanced system of checks and balances contributed to the Texas Revolution.

1869 Constitution Characteristics

Focused on centralized government powers and providing civil rights, but faced criticism for its overreach.

1876 Constitution Characteristics

Emphasized limited government and state rights, resulting in its wide acceptance and passage.

Structure of Texas Legislature

The Texas Legislature is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Legislative Session Length

Regular legislative sessions last 140 days and occur biennially in odd-numbered years.

Qualifications for Texas Senate and House

Senate members must be at least 26 years old, while House members must be at least 21 years old.

Terms of Office

Senators serve four-year terms and Representatives serve two-year terms.

Texas Legislator Salary

Annual salary for a Texas legislator is $7,200.

Bill Passage Process

Bills must be introduced, reviewed in committees, voted on by both chambers, and signed by the governor to become law.

Legislative Power Distribution

Most legislative power resides in the committee system, particularly the standing committees.

Texas Speaker of the House

The Speaker presides over the House, oversees legislative proceedings, and determines agenda.

President of the Texas Senate

The Lieutenant Governor serves as the President of the Senate, influencing legislative direction and priorities.

Incumbent Advantage

Incumbents often enjoy advantages such as name recognition, established donor networks, and experience.

Qualifications for Texas Governor

The governor must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. citizen, and a resident of Texas for five years.

Powers of Texas Governor

The Texas governor has strong executive powers but is often seen as less powerful than governors of other states.

Powers of Texas Lieutenant Governor

The Lieutenant Governor plays a significant role in legislative processes, presiding over the Senate and contributing to agenda setting.

Term of Office for Texas Executives

Both the governor and lieutenant governor serve four-year terms.

Revenue Sources for Texas

Major sources include sales tax, property tax, and federal funds for the state; local revenue mainly comes from property taxes.

Appointments and Administration

The governor appoints many state officials, who then require approval from the Senate.

Criticism of the Texas State Board of Education

The board has faced criticism for political influence in educational content and curriculum decisions.