Bio Topic 1 'Cell Biology'

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A complex cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A smaller

What is the function of the nucleus?

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Site of most chemical reactions in the cell

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

What is the function of mitochondria?

Site of aerobic respiration

What is the function of ribosomes?

Site of protein synthesis

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Strengthens the cell and provides support

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

What is the function of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?

Contains cell sap to maintain internal pressure and support the cell

What is a specialised cell?

A cell that has adapted to perform a specific function

How is a sperm cell specialised?

Tail for swimming

How is a nerve cell specialised?

Long axon to transmit impulses

How is a muscle cell specialised?

Contains protein filaments for contraction

How is a root hair cell specialised?

Long extension increases surface area

How is a xylem cell specialised?

Dead hollow cells joined end to end

How is a phloem cell specialised?

Sieve plates allow flow

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

What affects the rate of diffusion?

Concentration gradient

What is osmosis?

The movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

What is active transport?

Movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy

Where does active transport occur in animals?

In the small intestine to absorb glucose

Where does active transport occur in plants?

In root hair cells to absorb minerals

What is the cell cycle?

The series of stages a cell goes through to grow and divide

What is mitosis?

Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair

What is a stem cell?

An undifferentiated cell that can become specialised

Where are stem cells found?

Embryos (embryonic stem cells) and bone marrow (adult stem cells)

What is therapeutic cloning?

Producing a cloned embryo with the same genes as a patient for stem cell treatment

What are the risks of stem cell use?

rejection and turns into cancer