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What occurs between a solid and liquid during fusion?
Fusion occurs when a solid melts into a liquid.
What is the process called when a substance transitions from gas to liquid?
The process is called condensation.
What is an endothermic phase change?
A phase change that absorbs heat, such as fusion or vaporization.
What happens to the temperature when energy is added to a substance in two phases?
The temperature does not change because the energy is used to overcome intermolecular forces.
What determines if a substance is solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature?
The strength of the intermolecular forces.
What is vapor pressure?
The pressure of the liquid vapor at equilibrium.
What does a higher vapor pressure indicate about intermolecular forces?
Higher vapor pressure indicates weaker intermolecular forces.
What is the boiling point related to in terms of vapor pressure?
Boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals external pressure.
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the process of converting a solid directly into a gas.
What are the three main types of intermolecular forces?
The three types are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and London dispersion forces.
Which atoms can form hydrogen bonds?
The electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine can form hydrogen bonds.
What is the predominant intermolecular force in Br2?
Dispersion forces, because Br2 is a nonpolar molecule.
What happens to the boiling point as intermolecular forces increase?
As intermolecular forces increase, the boiling point increases.
What is the process of a liquid transitioning to a gas called?
The process is called vaporization.
What is deposition?
Deposition is the process of gas turning directly into a solid.
Which intermolecular force is the strongest?
Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force.
What characterizes nonpolar molecules in relation to intermolecular forces?
Nonpolar molecules primarily experience London dispersion forces.
How does temperature affect vapor pressure?
Increasing temperature generally increases vapor pressure due to increased kinetic energy.
What is the triple point?
The triple point is where solid, liquid, and gas coexist in equilibrium.
What is the reverse phase transition from liquid to solid called?
The reverse phase transition is called freezing.
What happens to vapor pressure when intermolecular forces are stronger?
Stronger intermolecular forces lead to lower vapor pressure.
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