Exam 4

New Caledonia

New Caledonia

French colony that was the first secure base in the Pacific Americal division was here

Americal Division

First and only division to be activated on foreign soil during World War 2. Made troops from different nations, including France, New Zeeland and America

Battle of Coral Sea

gave them more security for New Caledonia and put the Japanese fleet and army on the defensive in the island chain first time in history that two opposing carrier forces fought only using aircraft without the opposing ships ever sighting each other

Philippine Campaign

Japanese land in the Philippines, and American troops begin a last stand in Bataan, eventually causing their unconditional surrender.

Bataan Death March

76,000 Allied POWs including 12,000 Americans are forced to walk 60 miles under a blazing sun without food or water toward a new POW camp resulting in 5,000 americans death

Doolittle Raid

America bombs Tokyo to boost allied morale and prove that Japan is not invisible launched form the Carrier hornet 16 planes 80 flyers

General Wainwright

surrenders on Corregidor unconditionally all Filpino forces

who was Japanese general in charge of Bataan Death March

Lt. General Masahuro Homma

who is American Admiral in charge of the navy in the Pacific

Chester Nimitz

Battle of Midway

turning point in the pacific war

Navajo Code Talkers

Native Americans used their language as their code developed dictionary and words for military terms transmitted by radio and telephone no alphabet or symbols Used only the first letter of the English equivalent in spelling an English word

Battle of Guadalcanal

3 land battles 7 major naval engagements Japanese 24,000 dead 24 ships lost Americans 1600 dead 4200 wounded 300+ died from disease 24 ships lost land battle turning point in the Pacific War

what was the 1st amphibious landing of the Pacific

Guadalcanal

naval disaster off Savo island

eight Japanese warships attack the American fleet at night causing the allies to lose 5 ships in less than an hour 1,500 allied crewmen died

Battle of Bloody Ridge

Guadalcanal September 12-14

U.S marines repulse first major Japanese ground attack

Guadalcanal August 21 1942

Admiral William F Halsey

named as the new commander of the South Pacific area in charge of the Solomon and New Guinea Campaign

Battle of Santa Cruz

results in the loss of the carrier Hornet

Tarawa Campaign

Americans 1115 killed and missing almost 2300 wounded Japanese 4836 killed 17 survivors attacked the island for the airfield

Toll ian

Pacific Crucible War at Sea in the Pacific 1941 -1942 The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific islands 1942-1944 Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific 1944-1945

General Douglas MacArthur

commander of the US forces in the Philippine Islands who directed the Allied occupation of Japan had to leave Philippines during the Japanese invasion but eventually returned

first American carrier offensive of the war of Yorktown and Enterprise

Marshall and Gilbert islands

what was first US carrier sunk by the Japanese

Langley

Japanese two-pronged strategy

Divert Ships to Aleutian islands then attack Midway

Battle of Cape Esperance

The U.S. cruisers and destroyers defeat Japanese Task force off Guadalcanal

what army regiment was the first to land on Guadalcanal

164 regiment

Battle of Bismarck Sea

Allied land-based bombers destroyed a Japanese convoy during this battle in the Bismarck Sea in March 1943. This battle, destroying many troop transport ships, had major consequences, for Japan refused to support sieged ports, leaving island hoping an easy and effective method to take the Pacific

Admiral Yamamoto death

code breakers pinpointed the plane he was on and eighteen United States P-38 fighters shoot his plane down

John Hersey

Into the Valley

Richard Tregaskis

Guadalcanal Diary

Richard Frank

Guadalcanal

James Jones

The Thin Red Line

Last and largest carrier to carrier naval battle in history

Battle of Philippine sea

Battle of the Philippine Sea

The U.S. 5th fleet vs Japan Mobile Fleet 24 total carriers 1350 aircraft

Battle of Philippine Sea American lost

1 damaged battleship 109 dead 123 aircraft lost

Battle of Philippine Sea Japanese lost

2 fleet carriers suck 1 light cruiser 2 oilers 550-645 aircraft destroyed 6 other ships damaged 2,987 dead

Saipan Campaign Japanese killed

29,000 dead military practically the entire contingent 5000 suicides 921 captured

Saipan Campaign Civilians

1,000 suicides 22,000 total killed at least 1000 suicides

American Saipan Campaign

3,426 killed 10,364 wounded

Tinian Campaign Americans

326 killed 1593 wounded

Tinian Campaign Japanese

5542 military killed 2265 killed 252 captured

Tinian Campaign Japanese civilians

about 4,000 killed many suicides

Guam Campaign Americans

1783 killed 6,010 wounded

Guam Campaign Japanese

18,337 killed 1250 captured

Guam Campaign Japanese civilians

600 killed

General Orde Wingate

Led "Chindits" Raiders into several Burma jungle expeditions , conducting guerrilla warfare against the Japanese. Killed in air crash March, 1944

Executive Order 9066

Authorized sending all Americans of Japanese descent to ten makeshift internment camps located in remote areas of the West.

Korematsu decision

the Supreme Court upholding Executive Order 9066 as a blatant violation of constitutional rights as justified by military necessity

Selective Service Act

to register men of military age who would be subject to a draft if the need arose. More than 16 million men and women served in uniform during the war two thirds of draftess were men.

what group was segregated in its training camp

Only Black Americans were trained in different camps than other races

War Production Board

was made of business leaders which set production priorities and pushed for maximum output.

What was total cost of the war

306 billion dollars

women during the war effort

women worked in the factories to produce wartime supplies they also continued to take care of children and consume fewer thing

Rosie the Riveter

was an advertised women who worked in the factories to make the material for war

Double V Campaign

seeking victory over our enemies at home and battlefields

A. Philip Randolph

the head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car porters promised that 100,000 African Americans would descend on Washington if the president did not eliminate discrimination in defense industries

excutive order 8802

authorized the committee on Fair employment practices to investigate and prevent racial discrimination in employment

How many race riots in 1943

242

How many African Americans migrated from the South in the 1940s

5.5 million

GI Bill of Rights

gave military veterans government funds for education housing health care and provided loans to help them start businesses and buy homes

1944 Election

Dewey (R) vs. FDR(D, Winner)

Allied reaction during the war reports of the Holocaust

Nothing and also refused to give asylum to Jewish refugees, and most thought the reports were being exaggerated 11 million die during the Holocaust

Manhattan Project

find a way to convert nuclear energy into a superbomb before the Germans added such a weapon to their arsenal

Who lead the Manhattan Project?

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Paul Tibbets

Pilot of the Enola Gay

Enola Gay

Airplane that dropped the first nuclear bomb on Hiroshima

Tinian Island

the island the Enola Gay took off of to bomb Japan

Where was the first atomic bomb dropped?

New Mexico trinity dessert

Where was the headquarters for Manhattan project

Los Almos

what famous scientist persuaded to write FDR about the bomb

Albert Einstein

regarding the bomb Postdam Conference

told both Stalin and Churchill that we had the weapon and were willing to use against the Japanese

Japanese Ichigo Offensive

destruction of Chinese air bases around Kunming and morale problems with Chiangs troops

Stilwell

He became the top American general charged with improving Chinese fighting capacty Chiang disliked and distrusted

Chennault

Leader of the Flying Tigers Chinag liked him more than Stilwell

Albert Wedemeyer

Replaces Stilwell after Chiang complains to Roosevelt

Dixie Mission

US visit to Yan'an in July 1944. The Communists pulled out all the stops and put on a good show. The visiting Americans did not see the dark side of Yan'an. They were impressed by the contrast between the rampant corruption in Nationalist China and the high morale and competence of the CCP. This tempered their support for the GMD after the war.

what does Chiang use his best troops to do

blockade the Japanese claims that Americans will defeat Japanese

Cario Conference

Allies declare that China will recover all territories since 1895 and Korea will be independent outlined the Allied position against the Empire of Japan and made the decisions about postwar Asia

what battle reopens the Burma Road

The battle of Imphal

Barbara Tuchman

Stilwell and the American Experience in China

Claire Chennault's book

The Way of a fighter

Sterling Seagrave

The Soong Dynasty

Theodore White

Thunder Out of China

Yu Maochun

OSS in china Prelude to Cold War

Albert Wedemeyer book

Wedemeyer reports

Doris Kearns Goodwin

No Ordinary Time

Robert Sherwood

Roosevelt and Hopkins

Frank Freidel

Franklin D Roosevelt

Roger Daniels

The Decision to Relocate the Japanese Americans The Japanese American Cases Prisoners without Trial

Morton Louis

The Fall of the Philippines

Smith Robert Ross

The Approach to the Philippines Triumph in the Philippines

Cannon M. Hamlin

Leyte: The Return to the Philippines

The first Kamikaze attacks happens here

Leyte Gulf

how kamikazes happen in the war

2000

What was the only city fighting in the Pacific theater

Manila

how many United States soldiers died in the battle of Manila

1,010 wounded 5,565

How many Filipinos civilians were killed

at least 100,000

How many Japanese died during battle of Manila

16,665

Japan's victory operation

Their naval plan of attack at the Philippines that created the battle of Leyte Gulf failed and took serious losses to the rest of their surface fleet

aftermath of Leyte Gulf

The Imperial Japanese Navy had all but ceased to exist as an offensive force