MID2003 PAIN IN LABOUR

TENS machine

A TENS machine is a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device that alleviates pain by sending low-voltage electrical currents through the skin, often used during labor to manage contractions and discomfort.

Advantages and disadvantages of TENS machine in labour pain

advantages

• non invasive

• reduces need for meds

disadvantages

• variable effectiveness

• may have skin irritation

Intradermal sterile water injections for pain in labour

A method of pain relief that involves injecting small amounts of sterile water into specific areas of the lower back, providing significant relief from labor pain through localised stimulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of water injections in labour pain

advantages

• provide effective pain relief with minimal side effects

disadvantages

• requires skilled administrator

• may not work for all (or for long)

Morphine used in labour pain

A potent opioid analgesic administered to reduce severe pain during labor, often used when other pain relief methods are insufficient.

Advantages and disadvantages of morphine in labour pain

advantages

• strong pain relief

• quick onset

• can be given via injection or epidural

• effective for severe pain

• still able to mobilise

disadvantages

• may cause sedation or respiratory depression in mother and baby

• potential for addiction or misuse

• may have respiratory distress for baby or mum

Inhalation analgesia used in labour pain

A method of pain relief involving the inhalation of gases such as nitrous oxide, which provides relaxation and pain relief during labor.

Advantages and disadvantages of nitrous gas in labour pain

advantages:

• quick relief

• minimal side effects

disadvantages

• limited relief for severe pain

• potential drowsiness and nausea

Epidural

A regional anesthesia method that involves injecting medication into the epidural space, providing significant pain relief during labor while allowing the mother to remain awake and alert.

• Combination of ropivacaine and fentanyl

Advantages of epidural

• provides total relief

• allows them to rest or sleep

• able to be concious

Side effects/Risks with epidural

• possible drop in blood pressure

• headache

• difficulty urinating

• potential for nerve injury

• shivering

• can increase the risk of a weak sucking post birth (may affect breastfeeding)

Midwifery care and observations post-epidural

entail monitoring the mother for vital signs, assessing pain relief effectiveness, observing for any side effects, and ensuring the baby is not distressed.