Map Projections and GPS

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to GNSS and GPS systems, map projections, and the implications for Citizen Science.

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System, which includes various satellite systems like GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou.

GPS

Global Positioning System, a type of GNSS developed by the United States that provides location and time information.

Potential causes of errors in GPS/GNSS

1. Atmospheric delays (ionosphere and troposphere)

2. Multipath effect (signals reflecting off surfaces)

3. Satellite clock errors

4. Orbital errors (ephemeris errors)

5. Receiver noise

6. Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP)

7. User errors

Types of coordinate systems

1. Geographic coordinates (e.g., Latitude and Longitude)

2. Projected coordinates

Map projections

Methods of representing the curved surface of the Earth onto a flat surface, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Sources of bias in GPS data

Factors that can skew GPS data accuracy, including user errors and system errors.

Applications of GPS/GNSS systems

Uses of GPS technology in various fields such as navigation, surveying, tracking, and environmental science.

Citizen Science

Public participation in scientific research, often using tools like GPS for data collection in environmental projects.

Pro and cons of map projections

Advantages and disadvantages associated with different methods of representing Earth’s surface, affecting accuracy and usability.

Potential bias in Citizen Science datasets

Inaccuracies that may arise from volunteer data collection, possibly due to lack of training or varied equipment.