Nuclear Radiation and Ions

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on nuclear radiation and ions, aiding in understanding the material for exam preparation.

Alpha particle

A type of nuclear radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons.

Beta particle

A high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted in the decay of a radioactive isotope.

Positron

A subatomic particle with the same mass as an electron and a numerically positive charge.

Gamma ray

Electromagnetic radiation of high energy and short wavelength, produced in nuclear reactions.

Half-life

The time required for one-half of the atoms in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay.

Radioisotope

An isotope of an element that has an unstable nucleus and emits radiation.

Cation

A positively charged ion that has lost one or more electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion that has gained one or more electrons.

Radiation therapy

A treatment using high doses of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Radiation sickness

Illness caused by high doses of radiation, leading to symptoms such as nausea and fatigue.

Nuclear Fission

The process in which a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy.

Nuclear Fusion

The process in which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier nucleus, releasing tremendous amounts of energy.

Ionizing Radiation

Radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions. Examples include alpha, beta, gamma, and X-rays.