AP Euro - Centralization of France and England

Maximillian de Bethune

Duke of Sully, worked under Henry IV

Streamlined tax collection as the economy revived

Said that France could make more revenue by lowering taxes

Cardinal Richelieu

Worked under Louis XIII

Curbed the power of the nobility, by changing the royal council, and executing conspirators against the king

Divided France into 32 generalities; each region under an intendent (nobles of the robe) who worked for the king

Cardinal Mazarin

Appointed as successor of Cardinal Richelieu

Provokes the Fronde

The Fronde

French Civil War between the Nobles of the Sword, and the Nobles of the Robe (French Monarchy)

Result of the Fronde convinced Louis XVI that the only way to rule was an absolute monarchy

Louis XVI

Was molded by both Richelieu and Mazarin

They taught him…

Divine Right of Kings

Strong State requires strong leader

Distrust Nobility

When Mazarin dies, Louis XVI becomes his own minister

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Used domestic industries, tariffs, and foreign artisans to make France self sufficient and increase their exports

3 causes of French Rev

Financial Crisis

Tension between nobles and wealthy peasants

Enlightenment

Stuart Dynasty

Begins with death of Elizabeth the 1st

English Civil War

Parliament (Oliver Cromwell and the Roundheads) vs Monarchy (Charles 1st and Cavaliers)

Lord Protectorate / Inter Regnum

Time after Charles the 1st’s execution

Stuart Restoration

Charles the II was brought back to the throne because the English people wanted stablity

Glorious Revolution

William and Mary were crowned

James II was expelled from the country

Protestants were given religious toleration

John Locke

Wrote 2nd Treatises of Civil Government

It was a defense of the Glorious Revolution