Human Anatomy Skeletal System

Functions of the Skeletal System

1) Support of the body

2) Protection of soft organs

3) Movement due to attached skeletal muscles

4) Blood cell formation

How many bones are there in the adult body?

206

What are the 2 types of osseous tissue?

Compact and spongy

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense, smooth and homogenous while spongy bone is small with needles like pieces of bone with lots of open space

What are the 4 classifications of bones?

Long, short, flat and irregular

What are the functions of bone markings?

Allow blood vessels/nerves to pass through, point of attachment for ligaments and mucus, and helps form joints

What are the two parts of the skeleton?

Axial and Appendicular

Axial Skeleton

Forms the longitudinal part of the body

What 3 parts is the axial skeleton divided into?

Skull, Vertebral column and bony thorax

Appendicular Skeleton

Arms, legs, and everything that holds them up

What 3 parts is the appendicular skeleton divided into?

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limbs

What two bones is the pectoral girdle composed of?

Clavicle (collar bone) and Scapula (Shoulder blade)

What is the pelvic girdle made of?

Legs

What is the single bone of the upper arm?

Humerus

Bone located on the thumb side of the forearm

Radius

Bone located on the pinky side of the forearm

Ulna

8 bones that form the wrist

Carpals

5 bones that form the palm

Metacarpals

14 bones that form the fingers

Phalanges

7 Bones that form the ankle

Tarsals

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

Hip bones- Illium, Ischium, and Pubic bone

Major functions of the Pelvic Girdle

Carries the total weight of the upper body and protects vital organs (reproductive)

Bones of lower limbs

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella

Tibia

Shin

Fibula

Lies alongside tibia

Patella

Kneecap

Bones of the foot

Tarsals, Calcaneus, Talus, Metacarpas and phalanges

Binds Bones

Ligaments

Connect muscle to bone

Tendons

Functions of the Vertebral Column

Support head & trunk of body

Protect Spinal Cord

Intervertebral Discs

Seperates the vertebrae, made of fibrocartilage

Cervical Vertebrae

First 7 Vertebrae

Make neck and support head

C1

Atlas

C2

Axis

Thoracic Vertebrae

12 Vertebrae that form back of ribs

C1-7

Cervical vertebrae

T1-T12

Thoracic Vertebrae

Lumbar Vertebrae

5 Vertebrae that support body

L1-L5

Lumbar Vertebrae

Sacrum

5 fused vertebrae at bottom of vertebral column

Coccyx

Composed of 4 fused vertebrae; tailbone

Spinous Process

middle procces of vertebrae

Transverse process

2 processes on side of vertebrae

Vertebral Foramen

Hole where spinal cord passes through

Bony Thorax

Cage that protects major organs

3 Bones that make Bony Thorax

Sternum, Ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

True Ribs

Ribs 1-7 that stem from sternum

False Ribs

Ribs 8-12 that don't stem from Sternum

Floating Ribs

last 2 ribs that do not touch the back vertebrae

What 2 types of bones make up the Skull

Cranium and Facial

How many cranium bones are there?

8

How many facial bones are there?

14

What are sutures?

Immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull

What one bone is attached by a freely movable joint?

Mandible

Functions of paranasal sinuses

To lighten the skull and give resonance & amplification to voice