Acoustics and Oscillations

These flashcards cover vocabulary related to the concepts of acoustics, oscillations, and sound waves as discussed in the lecture.

Oscillation

Periodic change at regular speed of some physical quantity returning to its original position.

Periodism

The basis for oscillations, important for various biological functions.

Mechanical oscillating system

A system consisting of components such as massless rods and weights that undergo oscillations.

Free oscillation

An oscillation that occurs through internal forces only.

Forced oscillation

An oscillation that occurs due to both internal and external forces.

Damping

The decrease of oscillation amplitude over time, while frequency remains unchanged.

Simple Harmonic Motion

A type of periodic motion where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement.

Frequency

The number of oscillation cycles per unit time, measured in Hertz.

Resonance

The tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at certain frequencies.

Mechanical wave

Wave propagation in discrete, elastic media, transmitting energy without particle movement.

Longitudinal wave

A wave where oscillation occurs along the direction of propagation.

Transverse wave

A wave where oscillation occurs perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Wavelength

The distance between two identical peaks or troughs in a wave.

Amplitude

The measure of the displacement of a wave from its rest position.

Interference

The phenomenon when two or more coherent waves overlap, resulting in amplified or diminished waves.

Diffraction

The bending of waves around obstacles.

Reflection

The bouncing back of a wave from a border between two media.

Refraction

The change of direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another.

Acoustic impedance

The resistance to the passage of sound within a material.

Infrasound

Sound waves with frequencies less than 20 Hz.

Ultrasound

Sound waves with frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz.

Sound intensity

Measured in decibels, representing the loudness of sound waves.

Doppler Effect

The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.

Cavitation

Formation of micro bubbles in liquids due to pressure changes from ultrasound propagation.

Physiological parameters of sound

Intensity, frequency, and acoustic spectrum as objective metrics related to loudness, pitch, and timbre.

Audiography

Method to measure the relationship of sound wave intensities and human hearing capability.

Hypersonic effect

Effects produced by ultrasound waves, bypassing the middle ear, impacting the brain.