APCSP Vocab

Collaboration

working together to create code- has many benefits: diversity, diff talents + experiences

Debugging

removing bugs (mistakes, errors) from the code and making sure it runs smoothly

Event Driven Programming

he flow of the program is determined by events such as user actions, sensor outputs, or message passing from other programs or threads

ex: if, then statement

Incremental development process

split the design problem into small problems and work on these problems one by one

Iterative developement process

repeating process that continues with feedback, rework, and testing until the user’s requirements have been completed

Logic error

program produces unexpected results

Overflow error

integer is larger than the programming language can hold

Runtime errror

occur when the program is executing

Syntax error

missing parentheses or punctuation

Abstraction

managing the complexity of a program by using lists, variables, etc

Analog Data

has continous values and creates a smooth curve as values change

digital data

uses only 0s and 1s and approximates analog data by using samplings of the analog values

abstraction

managing complexity in code

ex: lists

analog data

has continous values and creates a smooth curve as values change

bias

unfair advantage

when an algorithm produces an output that is predijuced

bits

binary digits

byte

8 bits

binary

number system used in computer science

computers read machine code at the lowest level- made up of 0s and 1s

classifying, cleaning, and filtering data

activities for processing raw data

after data is processed, it is than analyzed into information

Lossless data compression

original file can be restored

takes up more storage

Lossy data compression

original file can NOT be restored

smaller files/takes less storage

metadata

identifying data in data

ex: date, time, owner of data

used to effectively organize + tag data

scalability

the ability to increase the capacity of a resource without having to go to a completely new solution, and for that resource to continue to operate at regular levels while increased capacity is being added

algorithm

set of steps to do a task

ex: calculate grade averages, run ac when room temp reaches 78, calculate shortest route to your house from school on your GPS

API

application programming interfaces

connect a program to external software to import libraries

a way for apps or programs to communicate w each other

variables

a holding place for data

x = apple

lists

can store many values in one variable

**starts at index position 1**

common functions in list : append, insert, remove, length

integers

whole numbers

real numbers

has decimals

boolean

true or false

string

text

functions : concatenation - gluing 2 strings together, substring - taking a section of a string

arithmetic operators

same as math: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division

MOD function

provides only the remainder after division

ex: if x MOD 2 = 0

print (“hello world”)

sequential statements

each step is executed in order

selection statements

filter out some lines of code using an IF condition

selecting certain parts of the code to be run using if statement, else statement, ELIF

iterative statements

repeat code

ex : repeat until, repeat n times

condition will only evaluate to true or false (boolean)

for each loop- repeat the code for each element in a list or string

binary searches

divide and conquer technique and can only be used with SORTED datasets. lower or higher feedback is provided to determine the next midpoint

linear searches

check every element to either find the item in question or determine that it is not in the dataset. can be used in sorted or unsorted datasets

procedures

blocks of code that can be used repeatedly in the program

* they can have parameters - provide a way for different values to be passed to them
* using parameters makes a program more abstract
* provides procedural abstraction

heuristic solutions

often find solutions too good for the need at hand

undecidable problems

no algorithm can solve for all instances of the problem

simulations

enable ppl to test hypotheses by quickly changing values of variables, running multiple tests, quickly, in a safe environment

internet

a network of networks that enables people across the globe to be connected

redundancy

the internet’s structure provides multiple paths to hosts, so if one path is down, info can travel back and forth over a diff route

* makes internet fault tolerant

fault tolerant

redundancy makes more reliable

IP adress

assigned to a device everytime it connects to the internet

packets

packets can arrive at the recieving computer in diff order than sent by the sending computer

can follow any path and often choose different paths

small sections of data

TCP

transmission control protocol

defines how computers send packets of data to each other

IP

internet protocol; adresss

responsible for adressing and routing ur online requests

UDP

user datagram protcol

faster than TCP but less accurate

IPv4 and IPv6

ipv4 supports a lott of adresses

since one adress has to be assigned to each device, the number of open adresses is slowly decreasing

ipv6 increases the length of ip adresses and supports more adresses overall

fault tolerance

ensures that if a code/node fails, there is another path for data to travel

redundancy

makes internet fault tolerant

allows adding new devies without disrupting traffic