APUSH Unit 7.7-7.14 (Interwar Years and WWII)

Roaring 20's

A time of booming business, lots of new entertainment like Jazz Age music, and new technologies.

flappers

carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the shocking behavior and look of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.

Birth of a Nation (film)

Movie that inspired many white people to join the KKK between 1915 and throughout the 1920s

Groups targeted by the new Klan in the 1920s

black Americans, as well as new immigrants (especially Catholics and Jews from Eastern and Southern Europe)

1920's economics

high tariffs on imported goods; reduced government regulation (laissez-faire policies) led to increased business, consumer culture developed, people buying on credit, speculation on the stock market, farmers suffering/not sharing in 1920s prosperity

Consumerism in the 1920s

Americans were fascinated with new consumer products in the 1920s and began overspending and borrowing on credit.

nativism

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. examples include the quota acts of the 1920s (e.g., the Immigration Act of 1924).

Mass Advertising

Advertising that enables a company to reach a large number of people with their advertising

Where do most Americans live by the 1920s?

Urban areas, not rural farmlands

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

The Lost Generation

American writers who became disillusioned with society after World War One. Lost the optimistic views of people from pre-WWI

Ford's assembly line

A conveyor system that carried components past workers at the proper height and speed.

Effects of the assembly line

Increased rate of production and car cost declined. As a result many more people could afford a car by the 1920s

Immigration act 1924

Abolished the national-origins quotas and providing for the admission of people. 2 percent of people were allowed in, based on the national origins of each group, using data from the 1890 census (before large waves of eastern Europeans, Catholics, Orthodox, Jewish people).

New gadgets

Bought on credit. Mass marketing. Included toasters, vacuums, etc.

Dawes plan in the 1920s (foreign policy)

This loan program was crafted to give money to Germany so that they could pay war reparations and lessen the financial crisis in Europe...these loans would eventually be repaid by Germany; the program ended with the 1929 stock market crash, when the USwas unable to lend Germany more money.

1920s foreign policy

Restrictions on immigration, especially for eastern and southern Europe, and virtually no immigration allowed from Asia

Causes of the Great Depression

- Factories and farms produce more goods than people can buy (overproduction)

- Banks make loans that borrowers cannot pay back.

- The stock market crash October, 1929

The Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

1932 Presidential Election

Hoover, Rep., vs FDR, Dem..

Landslide election for FDR, who promised a New Deal of increased government intervention to help the poor and fix the economy.

New Deal Coalition (groups/people that supported the New Deal)

coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.

New Deal Programs

FDR's plan to help the US during the Great Depression.. Included programs including Social Security, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) , and FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation).

Tennessee Valley Authority

a government corporation established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods

Kellogg Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another. Nite that Germany signed this.

Axis Powers, WWII

Germany, Italy, Japan

Which president took a laissez-faire, free market, approach to dealing with the Depression?

Herbert Hoover; FDR instead promised a New Deal of government help for people suffering the effects of the Depression

Hooverville

Depression-era shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress

Examples of Axis Aggressive Actions

Japan invaded Manchuria, italy attacked Ethiopia, Hitler broke the Treaty of Versailles, Japan invaded rest of China, Hitler invaded Austria, Czechoslovakia l, and Poland

Allies, WWII

Included Soviet Union, Britain, China, US, France

totalitarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.). Examples include Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Soviet Union in the 1930s, leading up to WWII.

WWII Time period

1937-1945 in Asia; 1939-1945 in Europe; U.S. declares war in December 1941, after Pearl Harbor

Social Security

One of the biggest New Deal accomplishments. Created pension and insurance for the old-aged, the blind, the physically handicapped, delinquent children, and other dependents by taxing employees and employers

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

Great Depression time period

October 1929~1940

Who was president during the Depression and World War II?

FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)

Truman's reasoning for using the atomic bombs

believed it would shorten the war and save lives (American and possibly Japanese, in the long run)

Island hopping

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectivelnpy attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others, on the way to the Japanese main islands

Korematsu v. US

the Court ruled in favor of the government; allowed the government to intern (imprison) citizens during wartime emergencies

How did WWII affect the economic Depression?

mobilizing for war put people to work building wartime materials (tanks, planes, ships) and as soldiers, helping to lead to full employment

D Day

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches in Northern France (Normandy) and began the process of re-taking France from Nazi control. One of the turning points against Nazi Germany

Where were the nuclear bombs used?

on two Japanese cities: Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Japanese internment

people of Japanese ancestry, from the West Coast of the United States during WWII. Thousands of men, women and children-were sent to hastily constructed camps called "War Relocation Centers" in remote portions of the nation's interior.

Court packing

President FDR's FAILED attempt to increase the number of US Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15 in order to save his New Deal programs from constitutional challenges