R.E PAPER 2 THEMATIC STUDIES

What is the Christian view on heterosexual relationships?

They are seen as sacred, for procreation and mutual support (Genesis 2:24; Matthew 19:4–6).

What is the traditional Christian view on homosexual relationships?

Homosexual acts are considered sinful based on Leviticus 18:22 and Romans 1:26–27.

What is the modern Christian view on homosexual relationships?

Some denominations (e.g., Church of England) accept same-sex relationships, though it's still debated.

What is the Christian purpose of marriage?

Companionship, raising children, and mutual support (Ephesians 5:25).

What do marriage vows represent in Christianity?

A sacred promise before God to love, honour, and stay faithful.

What do most Christians believe about sex before marriage?

It should be reserved for marriage (Hebrews 13:4).

How is adultery viewed in Christianity?

It is sinful; Jesus emphasized marital fidelity (Matthew 5:27–28).

What is the Catholic teaching on divorce and remarriage?

Divorce is not recognized; remarriage allowed only after annulment.

What is the Protestant view on divorce?

Generally more accepting, especially in cases like adultery (Matthew 19:9).

What are Christian views on cohabitation?

Traditional: Opposed; Modern: Some acceptance with intent to marry.

What is the Catholic view on contraception?

Artificial contraception is morally wrong; natural methods are acceptable.

What do most Protestant denominations believe about contraception?

It is morally acceptable and responsible.

What are the three key purposes of family in Christianity?

Procreation, stability, and faith education (Genesis 1:28; Deuteronomy 6:6–7).

What is the traditional role of men in Christian families?

Spiritual leader and provider (Ephesians 5:23).

What is the traditional role of women?

Caregivers and homemakers (Titus 2:4–5, Proverbs 31).

What do modern Christians believe about gender roles in families?

Emphasis on equality and shared responsibilities (Genesis 1:27).

What is complementarianism?

Belief in different, complementary roles for men and women (1 Timothy 2:11–12).

What does Genesis 1 teach about creation?

God created the world in six days; humans in His image.

What does Genesis 2 add to the creation story?

Focus on Adam and Eve and human roles in creation.

How do some Christians view the Big Bang Theory?

As compatible with belief in God as Creator.

What is the concept of stewardship in Christianity?

Humans must care for the earth responsibly (Genesis 2:15).

What is dominion in the Bible?

God gave humans authority over nature, with responsibility (Genesis 1:28).

What does "sanctity of life" mean in Christianity?

Life is sacred because it is created by God (Psalm 139:13–16).

What is the Catholic view on abortion?

It is a grave sin, violating the sanctity of life (Evangelium Vitae).

What is the Protestant view on abortion?

Varies; some oppose it entirely, others allow in specific cases.

What is the general Christian stance on euthanasia?

Opposed due to sanctity of life; passive euthanasia may be accepted.

What alternative to euthanasia is supported by Christians?

Hospice and palliative care, to alleviate suffering without ending life.

What is the Christian view on animal testing?

Acceptable only if humane and for human benefit.

What do Christians believe about eating animals?

Acceptable if done humanely (Genesis 9:3); some prefer vegetarianism (Genesis 1:29).

What is Christian stewardship regarding the environment?

Responsibility to protect and preserve the earth (Genesis 2:15).

What does Laudato Si’ say about environmental care?

Pope Francis emphasizes protecting creation as a moral duty.

What is the Christian attitude toward war in general?

Christianity teaches peace and reconciliation, but some believe war is permissible if it is just and necessary.

Who developed the Just War Theory in Christianity?

St. Augustine and later St. Thomas Aquinas.

What is the purpose of Just War Theory?

To outline conditions under which war may be morally justified.

What are the main criteria for a war to be just?

• Just cause

• Legitimate authority

• Right intention

• Last resort

• Reasonable chance of success

• Proportionality

What is meant by "just cause" in Just War Theory?

The war must confront a real and certain danger (e.g., protecting innocent life).

What does "right intention" mean?

The intention must be to promote good or avoid evil, not for revenge or gain.

Why must war be a "last resort"?

All peaceful options must have been tried and failed.

What principles guide conduct during war according to Christianity?

• Discrimination (target only combatants)

• Proportionality (force used must be proportional to the threat)

• No unnecessary suffering

What is the Christian view on targeting civilians?

It is always wrong; non-combatants must be protected.

What is pacifism?

The belief that all violence, including war, is unjustifiable.

What are Christian arguments in favour of pacifism?

• Jesus taught nonviolence (Matthew 5:39).

• Early Christians were pacifists.

• War causes unnecessary suffering and goes against the sanctity of life.

Name a Christian group that is traditionally pacifist.

Quakers (The Religious Society of Friends).

What is a Holy War in Christian tradition?

A war believed to be commanded by God, fought for religious goals, such as defending the faith.

Give an example of a Holy War in Christian history.

The Crusades — fought to reclaim the Holy Land.

Why are Holy Wars controversial in Christianity today?

Because they often contradict Jesus’ teachings on love and peace.

What is the Christian view on nuclear weapons?

Most oppose them due to the indiscriminate and devastating harm they cause.

What is the Roman Catholic Church’s position on nuclear arms?

Strongly against; they threaten all life and promote fear.

What does Christianity teach about making peace after war?

Christians are called to forgive, reconcile, and work toward lasting peace (2 Corinthians 5:18-19).

How can Christians promote peace today?

Through diplomacy, prayer, aid work, forgiveness, and nonviolent protest.

What does Isaiah 2:4 say about peace?

"They shall beat their swords into ploughshares... neither shall they learn war anymore."

What does Jesus mean when he says, “Blessed are the peacemakers”? (Matthew 5:9)

Those who work for peace are doing God’s will and are honoured.

Quotes on Sex, Marriage and Divorce

“What God has joined together, let no one separate” - Matthew 19:4

“Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman, that is detestable.”- Leviticus 18:22

Quotes on Families and Gender Equality

“Children obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right.” - Ephesians 6:1-2

“There is neither slave nor free nor there is male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.” - Galatians 3:28

Quotes on Origins of the Universe and Human life

“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.” - Genesis 1:1

“The Earth is the Lord’s. and everything in it” - Genesis 1:27

Quotes on Abortion and Euthanasia

“Before I formed you in the womb, I knew you,before you were born I set you apart.” - Jeremiah 1:5

“You shall not murder” - Exodus 20:13

Quotes on Animal rights

“The righteous care for the needs of their animals, but the kindest acts of the wicked are cruel.” - Proverbs 19:17

Quotes on Environmental Protection

“The earth is the Lord’s and everything in it” - Psalm 24:1

“The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it nd take care of it” - Genesis 2:15

Quotes for God’s existence

Design argument : “The heavens declare the glory of God” - Psalm 19:1

Moral argument : “I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts.” - Jermiah 31:33

Quotes against God’s Existence

Problem of Evil : “The righteous cry out, and the Lord hears them;” - Psalm 34:17

Quotes on revelation

“The heavens declare the glory of God” - Psalm 19:1 (General revelation)

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with godm and the Word was God.” - John 1:1 (Special revelation)

Quotes on Terrorism & Violent protest

“Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.” - Matthew 5:44

“Put your sword back in its place, for all who draw the sword will die by the sword.” - Matthew 26:52

Quotes on War and weapons of MD

“Blessed are the peacemakers” - Matthew 5:9

“You shall not murder” - Exodus 20:13