Marxism Theory

What does Marxism equate to in sociological theory?

Conflict theory.

How does positivism relate to crime in society?

It operates under the idea that social systems and rubrics are based on consensus.

What is the social contract associated with in the Enlightenment?

It reflects homogeneity and consensus.

Who is Karl Marx an advocate for?

The working middle class.

What is the bourgeoisie?

A new class gaining power through capital, overtaking nobility and landlords.

How did industrialism affect class relationships according to Marxian theory?

Those with money and power own the means of production.

What transformation occurs within the State according to Marx?

The State becomes a tool for the ruling class to maintain dominance.

What does historical materialism focus on?

Society's material conditions, including economic structures, labor relations, and class dynamics.

What does the social superstructure encompass?

Legal systems, education, media, government, and policing.

What is false consciousness in Marxist theory?

The belief that the social structure is natural and normal, despite its harmful effects.

What underlies the class conflict in Marxian theory?

The struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

What leads to labor exploitation in capitalism?

Maximizing profit while minimizing labor costs.

How does the bourgeoisie control the flow of information?

By controlling production and media, limiting the proletariat's ability to challenge power structures.

What is the role of laws in a capitalist society according to Marxism?

They are designed to protect capitalist interests and criminalize behaviors that threaten capitalism.

What does Steven Spitzer associate with capitalism's creation of 'problem populations'?

Social junk and social dynamite.

What is Austin Turk's view on law?

Law serves as a social control agent within the superstructure.

Is law considered neutral in Marxist theory?

No, law is viewed as a tool for social control that reflects the interests of those in power.

What type of behavior does legal enforcement typically target, according to Marxians?

Behaviors of the less powerful, focusing on suppressing dissent.

How is the concept of social control manifested through legal frameworks?

Laws reflect the cultural, political, and economic interests of the powerful.

What do laws targeting behaviors like anti-union actions protect?

Corporate interests rather than individual rights.