Kahn Academy - Health and Medicine

What are 2 jobs of the heart?

1. Systemic Flow

2. Pulmonary Flow

What is systemic flow?

Blood flow to all parts of the body

What is pulmonary flow?

Blood flow to the lungs

What does an artery do?

An artery pumps blood to other parts of the body from the heart

What do veins do?

Veins drag blood from all over the body to the heart

What is the space that contains the heart and the lungs called?

Thorax

Before blood goes to the aorta, where does it go?

Blood flows through the lungs

What happens to blood in the lungs?

Blood coming into the lungs gets converted from co2 into o2 rich blood

Tell me the three steps of the heart pumping blood

1. Veins drag blood to heart

2. Blood enters lungs and gets o2 rich blood

3. the o2 rich blood goes to the aorta where it flows to the rest of the body

Tell me the steps of blood flow in the heart specifically

1. Blood enters veins through the superior vena cava or the inferior vena cava

2. Blood enters right atrium

3. Blood passes through the tricuspid valve

4. Blood enters the right ventricle

5. Goes up the pulmonary valve

6. Goes up pulmonary trunk

7. Enters pulmonary arteries/ lungs

8. Enters left atrium

9. Mitral valve

10. Enters left ventricle

11. Passes aortic valve

12. Enters aorta

13. Pumped to the rest of the body

What vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary veins

What side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood.

Left side

What chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs?

Left atrium

What is the main purpose of pulmonary circulation?

To carry de-oxyginated blood to the heart to convert it to oxygenated blood

Where does systemic circulation begin?

Left Ventricle

Which side of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs?

Right Side

The systemic circulation delivers blood to which of the following?

All body tissues/parts except the lungs

How do the lungs tissues get blood? Not the lungs transforming blood, the actual lungs.

Bronchial arteries and veins

what chamber of the heart pumps blood into the lungs

right ventricle

What is lub dub?

the sound the heart makes when pumping blood

name the 4 main valves of the heart in order

Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

The "lub" sound is caused by

the closing of the tricuspid and mitral valves and opening of the pulmonary and aortic valves

The "dub" sound is caused by

The closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves and the opening of the tricuspid and mitral valves

What is Systole?

The time period when blood goes to the body

What is Diastole?

The time period when blood is refilling from the atriums into the ventricle

What do the valves do during systole?

Aortic and pulmonary open and mitral and tricuspid shut

What do the valves do during Diastole?

Tricuspid and mitral open while aortic and pulmonary shut

Why do the valves shut?

To prevent backflow

What are the three main layers of the heart wall?

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

Specifically in terms of blood, what happens at lub

blood gets pushed from ventricles and then flows through pulmonary and aortic valves to the rest of the body

Specifically in terms of blood, what happens at dub

blood flows from the atriums to the ventricles

What are the three main layers of the heart wall?

Endocardian, Myocardian, Pericardium

What is the first layer of the heart’s wall?

Endocardian

What is the second layer of the heart’s wall?

Myocardian

What is the third layer of the heart’s wall?

Pericardium

What are the two parts of the pericardium called?

Visceral and Parietal

What do the chordae tendinae do?

Do hold the atrioventrical valves in place to prevent backflow

What are the atrioventrical valves?

Tricuspid and Mitral valves

What does septal mean?

Wall

What is the interventriclar spetum

The wall between the left and right ventricles

What are the two parts of the interventricular septum?

Memranous and Muscular

What is the thick part of the interventricular septum called?

Muscular

What is the thin part of the interventricular septum called?

Membranous

Which vessel type carries blood away from the heart?

Arteries

Which vessel type carries blood towards the heart?

Veins

Are arteries high or low pressure?

High pressure

Are veins high or low pressure?

Low pressure

Which vessel type carries 15% total blood volume?

Arteries

Which vessel type carries 65% total blood volume?

Veins

Which blood vessel has more total blood volume?

Veins

Which blood vessel has less total blood volume?

Arteries

What are arterioles?

Arterioles are the smaller branches of arteries that continue blood flow to specific parts of the body

What are capillaries? or Capillary beds?

Capillaries are what connect arterioles to venules

What do arterioles do and how do they do it?

Arterioles control blood flow into capillaries through vasoconstriction

What is vasoconstriction?

Vasoconstriction is when the smooth muscles of the muscular arteries tighten down and narrow, increasing resistance

What are the muscular arteries?

Small arteries and arterioles

What are the elastic arteries?

Large and medium arteries

What happens with elastic arteries?

The high pressure blood in these arteries causes them to expand which converts the pressure energy into elastic energy, essentially regulating blood flow.

Elastic arteries contain…

Elastin

What is elastin?

A stretchy protein found in elastic arteries

What type of muscles do the small arteries and arterioles have?

Smooth muscle

Where does vasoconstriction occur?

At the arterioles

What are venules?

Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and carry it to veins

Arteries carry how much total blood volume? (%)

15%

Veins carry how much total blood volume? (%)

65%

Very very basically, what is diastole and how much of the time is the heart doing it?

Relaxing of the heart and 2/3 of the time

Very very basically, what is Systole and how much of the time is the heart doing it?

“Refilling” and 2/3 of the time

What is blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the force of blood against the blood vessels as it circulates around the body.

If I say “you have 115/75 blood pressure, what does that mean? What does 115 and 75 mean?

It means that is the range of blood pressure you have. 115 is you systolic blood pressure and 75 is you diastolic blood pressure

What is force/surface area?

Pressure

What does the systolic number represent in blood pressure?

pressure when the heart contracts or squeezes

What does the diastolic number represent in blood pressure?

Pressure when the heart relaxes or refills.

What unit is blood pressure measured in?

millimeters of mercury or mmHg

A normal blood pressure reading is approximately:

120/80 mmHg

Which part of the heart pushes blood to create systolic pressure?

Left ventricle

Which blood vessels are blood pressure measurements usually taken from?

Arteries

What is the purpose of Vasoconstriction?

To narrow blood vessels to regulate and direct blood flow

What does the trachea do?

the trachea carries air to the lungs

What is the trachea?

The trachea is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs

What is the difference between the left and right lung?

The right lung has 3 lobes while the left lung has 2 and the cardiac notch

How many lobes does the right lung have?

3

How many lobes does the left lung have?

2

What does the alveoli do?

Lets oxygen into the blood stream and allows carbon dioxide in to be exhaled

What is the alveoli?

Tiny air sacs in the lungs

What do nose hairs and mucus do?

Filter air

What does the larynx do?

Carry air to trachea

What does the esophagus do?

Bring food and water down

What does the epiglottis do?

Acts like a flap for the larynx

What is the cardiac notch?

An indent on the left lung

What is the carina?

The separator of the two lungs

Bronchi is?

Less than 1

Bronchus refers to how many numbers?

More than 1

Which lung is more lateral?

Left Lung

Which lung is more vertical

Right Lung

First three bronchial branches of the lungs?

Main, Lobar and segmental

What are the 4th-16th Bronchial branches?

Conducting bronchioles

What numbers are the conducting bronchioles?

4-16

What are the 17th-19th Bronchial branches

Respiratory bronchioles

What numbers are the Respiratory bronchioles?

17-19

What are the 20th-22nd Bronchial branches?

Alveolar ducts